Biʾr Maʿūnah (بئر معونة)
Definition
Biʾr Maʿūnah (بئر معونة) is an historical location significant in early Islamic history. It is known as the “Well of Maʿūnah,” situated approximately four marches from Makkah.
Etymology
- Arabic: بئر معونة (Biʾr Maʿūnah)
- Transliteration: Biʾr Maʿūnah
- Translation: “Well of Maʿūnah”
The term “biʾr” means “well” or “spring” in Arabic, indicating a source of water. “Maʿūnah” is the specific name of the location.
Historical Significance
Biʾr Maʿūnah is notably the site where a significant event involving the martyrdom of Prophet Muḥammad’s followers took place. The event unfolded when a group of Muslims, sent by Prophet Muḥammad, were ambushed and killed by members of the Banū ʿĀmir and Banū Sulaim tribes.
The Event
The tragic incident at Biʾr Maʿūnah involved the killing of numerous Muslims who were participating in a mission to spread the message of Islam. Their deaths led to what is known as a pious and divine message from heaven. Prophet Muḥammad is reported to have received a revelation conveying that the martyrs had met their Lord, who was pleased with them, and they were pleased with Him.
Divine Message
The divine message received by Prophet Muḥammad regarding the martyrs at Biʾr Maʿūnah carries significant theological weight. The message, which was reportedly later removed from the Qurʾān, stated:
<p>“Acquaint our people that we have met our Lord. He is well pleased with us, and we are well pleased with Him.”</p>
This message emphasizes the concept of divine approval and the ultimate reward for those who sacrifice their lives in the path of spreading the faith.
Historical Sources
The account of Biʾr Maʿūnah is documented in several historical texts, including Muir’s “Life of Mahomet.” According to Muir:
<p>“It is a remarkable verse, as having for some reason or other been cancelled, and removed from the Qurʾān.” (Muir’s Life of Mahomet, vol. iii. p. 207.)</p>
Recommended Readings
For further in-depth study on Biʾr Maʿūnah and its context within Islamic history, consider the following works:
- “The Life of Muhammad” by Sir William Muir
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings
- “Muhammad: Man and Prophet” by Adil Salahi
- “Islamic History: A Very Short Introduction” by Adam J. Silverstein
Takeaways
- Location: Biʾr Maʿūnah, the “Well of Maʿūnah,” is a historical site situated four marches from Makkah.
- Event: The massacre of Prophet Muḥammad’s followers by Banū ʿĀmir and Banū Sulaim tribes, which led to a reputed divine message.
- Historical Account: Documented in traditional Islamic texts and by historians such as Sir William Muir.
- Divine Message: An important, though reportedly removed, message from the Qurʾān highlighting the reward and satisfaction of divine encounters post-martyrdom.
Conclusion
Biʾr Maʿūnah remains a notable event in early Islamic history, symbolizing the trials faced by early Muslims and their unwavering faith. The divine message accorded to the martyrs serves as a spiritual and moral beacon within Islamic tradition.
