Beneficence (Arabic: سَمَاحَة samāḥah)
Beneficence, referred to in Arabic as سَمَاحَة (samāḥah), is a significant ethical and moral concept in Islam, emphasizing acts of kindness, generosity, and compassion as manifestations of true faith.
Etymology and Translation
- Etymology: The term “samāḥah” originates from the Arabic root س م ح (S-M-Ḥ), which encompasses meanings related to tolerance, generosity, and magnanimity.
- Arabic: سَمَاحَة (samāḥah)
- Turkish: Hoşgörü or Cömertlik
Significance in Islam
Beneficence is praised in various Islamic texts and traditions, highlighting its importance as an essential aspect of a Muslim’s faith and conduct. The Prophet Muhammad explicitly mentioned beneficence as proof of one’s faith, as recorded in Islamic literature.
Quranic and Hadith References
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Quranic Perspective: The Quran encourages believers to engage in acts of beneficence and charity. For instance, Surat Al-Mulk 67:15 states, “Spend from what We have provided you.”
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Hadith Narrations: Beneficence is stressed in Hadith literature. One such narration comes from ʿAmr ibn ʿAbaratah, wherein he reported that the Prophet Muhammad defined Islam as “purity of speech and hospitality” and faith as having “patience and beneficence.”
- Reference: Mishkāt, Book i. c. i. part 3.
Practical Applications
In daily life, beneficence manifests through kindness to others, charitable acts, and overall positive social behavior. It encourages Muslims to consider the welfare of others, promoting a community based on mutual respect and support.
Further Reading
For a deeper understanding of beneficence in Islam, consider these scholarly works:
- “Ethics of Islam: Philanthropy in Islamic Thought and Practice” by Zainab Al Ghazali
- “Islamic Ethics - An Outline of its Principles and Scope” by Dr. Zafrullah Khan
- “The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary” edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Takeaways
- Beneficence (samāḥah) is integral to Islamic ethical teachings.
- Prophet Muhammad associated beneficence with true faith and patience.
- Acts of kindness, hospitality, and generosity are practical examples of beneficence.
- Islamic texts and teachings provide a framework for understanding and implementing beneficence in daily life.
Conclusion
Beneficence, or samāḥah, is a key virtue in Islam, encompassing kindness, generosity, and compassion. Rooted in both Quranic teachings and the sayings of Prophet Muhammad, it represents the essence of faith and moral conduct. By fostering beneficence, Muslims are encouraged to contribute positively to their communities and the wider world.
