Beings in Islamic Belief
Introduction
In Islamic theology, it is believed that there are three distinct species of created intelligent beings. These beings are endowed with reason and are called Ẕawū ʾl-ʿUqūl (ذوو العقول), or “Rational beings.” This categorization underscores the diversity and roles of these entities in the Islamic cosmology.
Categories of Rational Beings
1. Angels (Malāʾikah)
Etymology and Translation:
- Arabic: ملائكة (Malāʾikah)
- Turkish: Melekler
Creation and Characteristics: Angels are created from light (Nūr). They are considered pure and sinless beings who are always in obedience to God. Their primary roles include messengers to humans, agents of God’s will, and keepers of records.
Attributes:
- Immortal
- Can take various forms
- Occupy different ranks and duties
2. Genii (Jinn)
Etymology and Translation:
- Arabic: جن (Jinn)
- Turkish: Cinler
Creation and Characteristics: Jinn are created from smokeless fire. Unlike angels, Jinn possess free will and can choose between good and evil. They exist in a parallel world and have the ability to be invisible or take various shapes.
Attributes:
- Can be Muslims or non-Muslims
- Possess supernatural powers
- Can interact with humans
3. Mankind (Insān)
Etymology and Translation:
- Arabic: إنسان (Insān)
- Turkish: İnsanlar
Creation and Characteristics: Human beings are created from earth (clay). They are the most well-known of the intelligent beings and are endowed with free will, intelligence, and the capacity for speech and reason.
Attributes:
- Mortal
- Responsible for moral and ethical choices
- Follow divine guidance (e.g., prophets and scriptures)
Additional Terminology
Ẕawū ʾl-ʿUqūl (ذوو العقول)
This term refers to “Rational beings” that possess intelligence and reason.
G͟hair Ẕawū ʾl-ʿUqūl
This term is used for “unintelligent beings” (غير ذوو العقول) that do not possess rational faculties.
Ḥayawāni-Nāt̤iq (حيواني ناطق)
It denotes rational beings who can speak.
Ḥayawāni-ʿAjam (حيواني عجم)
This term refers to all irrational creatures.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The World of the Angels” by Sheikh Abd al-Hamid Kishk
- “Jinn and Human Sickness” by Dr. Abu’l-Mundhir Khaleel ibn Ibraheem Ameen
- “Man and the Universe: An Islamic Perspective” by Mostafa al-Badawi
Takeaways
- Islamic beliefs classify three major intelligent beings: Angels, Jinn, and Humans.
- Each category has unique attributes, creation sources, and roles within the cosmic order.
- Understanding these beings provides insight into the Islamic perspective on the unseen world and human destiny.
Conclusion
The categorization of rational beings in Islam highlights the complexity of divine creation and the roles assigned to each group. These beings enrich the spiritual and philosophical landscape of Islamic theology, offering a deeper understanding of the universe and humanity’s place within it.
