Bast
Definition
Bast - A profound involuntary spiritual state that overtakes a spiritual seeker, resulting in a direct experience of the divine presence. In Sufism, it is described as a state wherein the veils between the seeker and God are lifted. Considered a sign of God’s mercy, pleasure, and acceptance. Accompanied by feelings of joy, exaltation, hope, and compassion. The opposite state is qabd (contraction). This terminology is derived from a Qur’anic verse: “God contracts and He expands, and to Him you shall return” (Qur’an, 2:245).
Etymology
The term “Bast” (بسط) originates from the Arabic root ب-س-ط (b-s-t), which means “to expand” or “to unfold.” In a spiritual context, bast can be understood as an expansion or unfolding of the soul towards divine truths.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: بسط
- Turkish: Genişleme
In-Depth Explanation
In Sufism, bast is one of the many spiritual states a seeker may experience on their journey towards God. It represents a heightened sense of spiritual clarity and a feeling of being enveloped by divine love and mercy. When a Sufi experiences bast, their heart feels expansive, and their mind is filled with God’s presence, transcending ordinary perception. This state is characterized by intense joy and a deep sense of connection to the divine realm.
Conversely, the state of qabd (قَبْض), meaning contraction, signifies a withdrawal of this divine presence, often experienced as spiritual aridity or disconnection. Sufis understand that both bast and qabd are essential, oscillating states that serve to balance and refine their spiritual progress.
Scriptural Foundation
The notion of bast is grounded in the Qur’anic verse: “God contracts and He expands, and to Him you shall return” (Qur’an, 2:245). This verse underscores the understanding that spiritual states are transient and orchestrated by God’s will.
Related Concepts
- Qabd: The state of spiritual contraction or withdrawal.
- Sufism: A mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God.
Further Reading
- “The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi” by William C. Chittick
- “The Essential Rumi” by Jalaluddin Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks
- “Journey to the Lord of Power: A Sufi Manual on Retreat” by Ibn Arabi
Conclusion
Bast is a significant spiritual state in Sufism, symbolizing divine expansion and the opening of one’s heart to God’s presence. These experiences are part of the spiritual dynamic that guides Sufis in their quest for closeness to the Divine, emphasizing the interplay between states of contraction (qabd) and expansion (bast). Understanding these concepts enriches one’s appreciation of Sufi practices and Islamic mysticism.
Takeaways
- Bast reflects a direct experience of divine presence marked by joy and spiritual clarity.
- Closely related to qabd, forming an oscillating dynamic of spiritual contraction and expansion.
- Emphasized in Sufism and grounded in Qur’anic scripture.
For those interested in delving deeper, the recommended readings offer extensive insights into Sufi teachings and spiritual journeys.
