Bakri Tariqah
Introduction
The Bakri Tariqah is a specialized branch of the Khalwati Sufi order, notable for its unique spiritual practices and influence throughout the Islamic world. It was established in the mid-eighteenth century in Egypt by Mustafa ibn Kamal al-Din al-Bakri. This Sufi order played a significant role in the spiritual and intellectual life of Muslims, having a lasting impact on various Sufi traditions and communities.
Etymology
The term “Bakri Tariqah” is derived from the name of its founder, Mustafa ibn Kamal al-Din al-Bakri. In Arabic, Bakri (بكري) refers to the lineage or following associated with Al-Bakri. The word “Tariqah” (طريقة) means “way” or “path,” referring to a Sufi order.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: الطريقة البكرية (Al-Tariqah Al-Bakriyyah)
- Turkish: Bekri Tarikatı
Historical Background
Established in the mid-18th century, the Bakri Tariqah emerged within the spiritual landscape of Egypt. Mustafa al-Bakri, the founder, emphasized exclusive affiliation to the tariqah, advocating for strict discipline in the performance of litanies and greater involvement of common people in Sufi rituals.
Key Teachings and Practices
Al-Bakri’s teachings revolved around:
- Exclusive Affiliation: A strong sense of loyalty and devotion to the Tariqah.
- Discipline in Litanies: Regular and rigorous performance of litanies (awrad) and dhikr (remembrance of God).
- Inclusive Participation: Encouraging the participation of the laypeople in the Tariqah’s rituals.
- Adherence to Shariah: Strict adherence to the Quran, Sunnah, and Islamic jurisprudence (shariah).
Intellectual Legacy
- Hadith Studies: Leaders and followers of the Bakri Tariqah were heavily involved in the study and teaching of hadith (Prophetic traditions). Some of al-Bakri’s students became significant Hadith scholars by the end of the 18th century.
- Disciples and Sub-groups: Many of Al-Bakri’s disciples established their own orders, leading to the diversification of the Khalwatiyya influence. The order split into several subgroups posthumously, expanding its reach and influence.
Books for Further Studies
- “The Khalwati Order: A History” by Alexandre Papas
- “Islamic Sufism Unbound: The Big Figure and His Islamic Revivalist Initiatives” by Ayusha Malik
- “The Rise of the Sufi Orders and Sainthood in Islam” by John Spencer Trimingham
Takeaways and Conclusion
The Bakri Tariqah is a distinguished branch of the Khalwati Sufi order that showcases the prevalent and complex nature of Sufi practices in the Islamic world. From its origins under Mustafa al-Bakri’s guidance to its intellectual contributions in the realm of hadith studies, the Bakri Tariqah provides a fascinating study of spiritual and societal impact. By adhering to strict religious observances and facilitating broader lay participation, the Bakri Tariqah remains a vital part of Sufi and broader Islamic history.
