Definition and Islamic Context
Overview
Babel (Arabic: بابل, Bābil) is mentioned once in the Qur’an, specifically in Surah Al-Baqarah (ii:102). The passage refers to the teaching of sorcery and magic, mentioning the two angels, Hārūt and Mārūt, who were sent down to earth at Babel (Babylon).
Qur’anic Reference
In Surah Al-Baqarah (ii:102), the Qur’an states:
<p>“They followed what the devils imitated during the reign of Solomon. Solomon did not disbelieve, but it was the devils who disbelieved; they taught people sorcery and what had been revealed to the two angels, Hārūt and Mārūt, at Babylon. But the two [angels] did not teach anyone unless they said, ‘We are a trial, so do not disbelieve [by practicing sorcery].’ Yet they learned from them that by which they cause separation between a man and his wife. But they do not harm anyone through it except by permission of Allah.” (Surah Al-Baqarah ii:102)</p>
Traditional Stories and Interpretations
The Tale of Hārūt and Mārūt
Muslim tradition regards Babel, or Babylon, as a center of magic and sorcery. According to Islamic lore, the angels Hārūt and Mārūt were sent to earth due to their lack of compassion for human frailties. This tale is extensively noted in various exegeses and traditions, including the Tafsīr-i-ʿAzīzī.
- The Angels’ Trial: Hārūt and Mārūt were sent to earth where they were tested with human temptations.
- The Sin and Punishment: Both angels sinned, and as a consequence, were given a choice between punishment in this world or the hereafter. They chose the former and are said to be suspended by their feet in a rocky pit at Babylon.
- Teachers of Magic: Despite their punishment, these angels are considered great teachers of magic, warning those they taught about the trials associated with the knowledge.
Impact on Islamic Thought
The story emphasizes the dangers and moral complexities of magic and sorcery within Islamic thought. It also reflects themes of divine justice and human fallibility.
Etymology and Translations
Etymology
The term “Babel” derives from the Akkadian “Bāb-ilim,” meaning “Gate of the God.” Its Arabic counterpart, بابل (Bābil), carries this ancient legacy.
Translations
- Arabic: بابل (Bābil)
- Turkish: Babil
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr - Provides detailed commentary on the verses mentioning Babel and related interpretations.
- “Stories of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir - Includes accounts of Hārūt and Mārūt.
- “Tales from the Thousand and One Nights” translated by E.W. Lane - Offers additional contextual stories aligning with Middle Eastern traditions.
Takeaways
- Babel in the Qur’an: Mentioned once in the context of sorcery and angels Hārūt and Mārūt.
- Angelic Lore: Reflects divine justice and moral lessons on human failings.
- Cultural Significance: Babel’s identification with magic underscores its mythical and theological relevance in Islamic culture.
Conclusion
Babel in Islamic tradition is not merely an ancient city but a symbol laden with moral and mystical significance. The tale of Hārūt and Mārūt serves as a potent reminder of human fallibility and the fine line between divine knowledge and temptation. Through these narratives, Islamic teachings portray the importance of trust and caution when engaging with the ethereal and forbidden aspects of knowledge.
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