Bī-Sharʿ (بى شرع)
Definition
Bī-Sharʿ (بى شرع) is a Persian term literally meaning “without the law.” This term is often applied to a particular group of mystics within Islamic traditions, specifically Sufis, who are perceived to disregard orthodox teachings and legalistic interpretations of the Qur’an. These individuals are often labeled as antinomians, meaning they may challenge or completely ignore established religious laws and rituals.
Etymology
The term Bī-Sharʿ (بى شرع) is derived from Persian:
- Bī (بى) meaning “without.”
- Sharʿ (شرع) meaning “law” or “Sharia.”
In Turkish, the term maintains the same etymology and connotation, illustrating someone who lives outside the bounds of Sharia law.
Significance in Islam
Bī-Sharʿ mystics often prioritize inward spiritual experiences and personal enlightenment over strict adherence to formal religious practices. Their perspective can be seen as controversial within mainstream Islamic thought due to:
- A perceived indifference or opposition to the Sharia (Islamic law).
- Their tendency to prioritize personal spiritual experiences over communal religious norms.
Context within Sufism
Many of those labeled as Bī-Sharʿ often emerge from Sufi circles:
- Sufism emphasizes direct personal experience of the divine, often through practices like dhikr (remembrance of God), meditation, and poetry.
- However, mainstream Sufism usually aligns itself with the fundamental principles of Islam and Sharia, while Bī-Sharʿ mystics represent a more radical deviation.
Related Concepts
- Sharia (شريعة): The body of Islamic law derived from the Qur’an and Hadith.
- Antinomianism: A term used in various religious contexts to describe opposition to, or rejection of, legalistic moral codes.
Further Studies
Books for deeper understanding include:
- “The Sufi Path of Knowledge” by William C. Chittick.
- “Islamic Mysticism: A Short History” by Alexander Knysh.
- “Sufism: An Introduction to the Mystical Tradition of Islam” by Carl W. Ernst.
Takeaways
- Bī-Sharʿ (بى شرع) refers to those who challenge or disregard the binding legal aspects of Islam.
- The term finds its roots in Persian and is critical within debates in Islamic mysticism.
- While their emphasis on personal spirituality offers deep insight, it poses theological and practical challenges within the broader Islamic tradition.
Conclusion
The concept of Bī-Sharʿ (بى شرع) serves as an important discussion point within Islamic studies, particularly regarding the role of law and personal spirituality. By examining this term and its implications, we gain a broader understanding of the diverse approaches to faith and practice within Islam.
For more comprehensive exploration, the recommended readings provide detailed insights into the historical development and theological nuances associated with both Bī-Sharʿ practitioners and mainstream Islamic thought.
