Az-Zabānīyah (الزبانية) - Definition, Role, and Significance in Islam
Definition and Etymology
Az-Zabānīyah (Arabic: الزبانية) refers to “guards” or “wardens” in Islamic theology. The term is used specifically to describe a group of angels who are assigned the duty of guarding and administering punishment in hell.
- Etymology: The word “Az-Zabānīyah” is derived from the root “z-b-n” (ز-ب-ن), which conveys the sense of “driving away” or “repelling.”
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: الزبانية (Az-Zabānīyah)
- Turkish: Zebânîler
Qur’anic Reference
The term “Az-Zabānīyah” appears in the Qur’an in the following context:
Surah Al-`Alaq (96:17-18):
<p>“Let him call his council (of helpers): We will call the guards of hell (az-Zabānīyah).”</p>
Role in Islamic Eschatology
Az-Zabānīyah are the angels assigned to carry out the function of guarding hell and administering its punishments. They are under the leadership of Mālik (مالک), who is considered the chief guardian of hell, as referenced in various Islamic texts.
These angels ensure that the punishments in hell are carried out as decreed, serving as divine executors of God’s justice.
Further Studies and Recommended Books
To delve deeper into the subject, the following books are recommended:
- “Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti’s al-Haba’ik fi Akhbar al-Mala’ik” by Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti.
- “The Divine Reality: God, Islam and the Mirage of Atheism” by Hamza Tzortzis.
- “Islamic Eschatology: The End Of The World In Islam” by Timothy R. Furnish.
- “Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions” by Christian Lange.
Key Takeaways
- Az-Zabānīyah are a group of angels responsible for guarding hell and executing divine punishment.
- The term appears in the Qur’an, emphasizing their role in reinforcing divine justice.
- Knowledge of Az-Zabānīyah contributes to a broader understanding of Islamic eschatology and the afterlife.
Conclusion
Az-Zabānīyah play a critical role in Islamic eschatology by maintaining the order and implementation of divine justice in the afterlife. Their depiction as guards of hell serves as a reminder of accountability and the moral responsibilities emphasized in Islam.
By understanding the role and significance of Az-Zabānīyah, one gains a deeper insight into the Islamic concepts of justice, punishment, and the afterlife, underscoring the gravity of moral choice and divine accountability.
