As-Sāmirī (السامرِيّ)
Introduction
As-Sāmirī (السامرِيّ) - A prominent figure mentioned in the Qur’an (Sūrah Ṭā-Hā 20:87: “As-Sāmirī has led them astray”) known for creating the golden calf worshiped by the Children of Israel during the absence of Prophet Musa (Moses). His story illustrates crucial themes in Islamic teachings regarding idolatry and guidance.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: السامرِيّ
- Turkish: Samiri
The term “As-Sāmirī” literally translates to “the Samaritan” in some contexts, influenced by exegetical traditions. Some Islamic scholars, such as al-Baiżāwī, identify him as Mūsā ibn Z̤afar, attributing his origins to the tribe of Samaritans.
Qur’anic Context
In Sūrah Ṭā-Hā (20:87, 95), As-Sāmirī is the individual who leads the Israelites into idol worship by crafting the golden calf during Moses’ sojourn on Mount Sinai. His actions are seen as a direct challenge to monotheism and an example of deviation from divine guidance.
Academic Perspectives
- Professor Palmer’s Translation: In his translation, “As-Sāmirī” is rendered as the Samaritan, conforming to al-Baiżāwī’s interpretation.
- Classical Tafsir: Exegeses, like those by al-Ṭabarī and al-Qurṭubī, delve into his identity and motives, exploring how such deviations serve as warnings for future generations.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Stories of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir: This book offers an accessible narrative of the prophets, including the episode of As-Sāmirī and the golden calf.
- “Tafsir al-Jalalayn”: A renowned exegesis that provides classical interpretations and insights into figures like As-Sāmirī within the Qur’anic text.
- “The Qur’an: An Encyclopedia” edited by Oliver Leaman: Provides comprehensive entries on Islamic figures, including As-Sāmirī, along with theological implications.
Takeaways and Conclusion
As-Sāmirī’s story serves multiple functions within Islamic teaching: it highlights the perils of idolatry, the importance of steadfastness in monotheism, and the consequences of leading others astray. His narrative reminds Muslims of the continuous need for divine guidance and the importance of remaining true to the teachings of the prophets.
Understanding As-Sāmirī within Islamic tradition not only sheds light on specific Qur’anic episodes but also offers broader lessons relevant to ethics and faith in Islam. The figure of As-Sāmirī underscores the dynamic nature of Islamic narratives and their ongoing relevance for contemporary Muslim life.
In conclusion, As-Sāmirī is a multifaceted figure, embodying themes of misguidance and theological deviation. His story in the Qur’an provides timeless lessons on the significance of obedience and the dangers of straying from the path of righteousness.
