The Art of Letter Writing in Islamic Culture
Introduction
Letter writing among Muslims is an art steeped in cultural and religious significance. This practice is distinguished by various peculiarities dictated by rules of politeness and etiquette. It is an integral aspect of Islamic culture, reflecting both the writer’s respect and their societal standing.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: المراسلة (al-murāsala)
- Turkish: Mektup yazma sanatı
Materials and Ornamentation
Muslim letters are often written on thick, white, and highly polished paper. This paper is sometimes ornamented with floral designs in gold, and the paper’s edges are cut straight with scissors.
- Paper: The paper is sometimes enhanced with gold flowers.
- Unused Space: The upper half of the paper is generally left blank, and the writing never occupies any portion of the second side of the paper.
Addressing Etiquette and Formality
Names and titles play a significant role:
- Recipient’s Name: When addressing someone of equal or lower status, the recipient’s name appears in the first sentence, often preceded by several titles of honor.
- Elevated Text: The recipient’s name is often written slightly above the line, sometimes even in red ink or gold letters.
The Seal and Significance
The seal is another essential element:
- Seal Description: The seal is usually an impression from a signet (often a ring worn on the little finger of the right hand) engraved with the person’s name. Accompanying words often express trust in God, such as “His servant” (عبد الله, ‘abd Allah).
- Validity: The seal’s impression is regarded as more validated than a handwritten signature and is indispensable for giving authority to the letter.
- Placement: The seal is applied by dabbing ink on the signet and pressing it on the paper. The area to be stamped is moistened by touching it with a slightly wetted finger.
Signatures and Hierarchical Respect
- Placement of Signature: When writing to a superior or peer, the writer’s name appears at the bottom left of the letter, with the seal placed to its right.
- Expression of Humility: For showing greater humility, the seal is placed beneath the name or even at the paper’s lower edge, partly off the paper, so that the impression is not fully on the letter.
Historical Context
These practices are well-documented in classic literature and travelogues. For instance, Edward William Lane’s “Arabian Nights” provides intricate details about the art of letter writing and its cultural context (Vol. i, p. 23).
Recommended Books for Further Study
- “Letters of the Islamic World” by Shahab Ahmed
- “The Art of Islamic Calligraphy” by Yasin Hamid Safadi
- “The Written Word in the Medlands East” by Jonathan M. Bloom
Takeaways
- Cultural Significance: Letter writing in Islamic culture goes beyond mere communication; it reflects deep cultural values and societal norms.
- Materials and Ornamental Tradition: The materials and ornamentation used in letter writing demonstrate the importance of aesthetics in Islamic culture.
- Etiquette and Formality: Addressing conventions and the use of seals highlight the intricate etiquette guiding Muslim correspondence.
Conclusion
The practice of letter writing in Islamic culture showcases an intricate blend of aesthetics, etiquette, and reverence. Whether through the ornamented paper or the respectful placement of names and seals, every detail is meticulously considered to uphold the standards of politeness and cultural norms. This timeless art remains a significant aspect of Islamic heritage, illustrating the profound respect embedded in everyday communication.
By understanding the complexities of Muslim letter writing, we gain insight into broader aspects of Islamic ethical and cultural practices. This serves as a reminder of the importance of respect, aesthetics, and personal conduct in Islamic culture.
