Anthropology, Islamic
Definition
Anthropology, Islamic refers to the study of human societies, cultures, and their development through the lens of Islamic teachings and principles. It emphasizes a holistic and integrated approach to understanding human existence and social phenomena, guided by the Divine wisdom as revealed in the Quran and Hadith.
Etymology
The term “anthropology” stems from the Greek root words “anthropos” (human) and “logia” (study of). In Arabic, Anthropology is referred to as “علم الإنسان” (Ilm al-Insan). In Turkish, it is known as “İslamî Antropoloji.”
Quranic Foundation
The foundational basis of Islamic anthropology is derived from the Quranic verse: “Travel throughout the world and see how God did originate creation” (Quran 29:20). This encourages Muslims to observe, study, and understand the diverse phenomena in the world as manifestations of Divine wisdom.
Prophetic Guidance
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of seeking knowledge: “Seek knowledge, even unto China.” This Hadith highlights the duty of Muslims to be lifelong learners, exploring various fields of knowledge and contributing towards human welfare and solving societal problems.
Modern Interpretation: The Islamization of Knowledge
Key Proponent
Ismail al-Faruqi (1921-1986) was a key figure advocating for the Islamization of knowledge. He urged Muslim scholars to develop a universal model of knowledge interlinking divine truth with human endeavors while warning against adopting inherently secular Western paradigms that treated people and cultures as mere objects of study.
Contemporary Focus
Today, Muslim anthropologists engage with pressing social issues such as AIDS, alcoholism, drug abuse, and famine, leveraging Islamic viewpoints to propose comprehensive and ethical solutions. Efforts center on incorporating ethical principles and holistic understanding into anthropological practice.
Institutions
Significant efforts in this field are spearheaded by organizations such as the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), which aims to reform and integrate Islamic principles into various disciplines, including anthropology.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan” by Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi
- “Islamic Anthropology: An Introduction” by Akbar S. Ahmed
- “Ethics of Science and Technology in Islam” by Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Takeaways
- Islamic anthropology seeks to integrate Islamic principles with the study of human societies and cultures.
- Foundations in the Quran encourage Muslims to explore and reflect upon God’s creation.
- It adopts a holistic and ethical approach informed by the belief in the unity of truth, God, and humankind.
Conclusion
Islamic anthropology offers a unique and integrated perspective that combines spiritual insights with scientific investigation to better understand and address social phenomena. By adhering to the paradigm of Islamization of knowledge, it fosters a more humane, ethical, and comprehensive understanding of humanity and its diverse cultures.
By leveraging Islamic principles, scholars can contribute to the advancement of human knowledge while remaining rooted in ethical and spiritual considerations, ensuring a balanced approach to contemporary social issues.
