An-Naqshbandīyah (النقشبندية)
Definition and Overview
An-Naqshbandīyah (النقشبندية) is a prominent Sufi order that significantly contributes to Islamic spirituality and mysticism. The followers of this ascetic order are known as Faqīrs and adhere to the teachings of K͟hwājah Pīr Muḥammad Naqshband. This order is renowned for its unique practice of silent remembrance of God, known as Ẕikr-i-K͟hafī.
Etymology
The term Naqshbandīyah (النقشبندية) derives from the Persian word “naqsh,” meaning “engraving” or “impression,” and “band,” which translates to “binding” or “tying.” Collectively, it can be understood as “the engravers” or “those who create a lasting impression,” signifying the emphasis on deep spiritual imprints left on the heart and soul of its followers.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: النقشبندية (An-Naqshbandīyah)
- Turkish: Nakşbendiye
Historical Background
The Naqshbandīyah order is named after its founder, K͟hwājah Baha’ al-Dīn Naqshband Bukhārī (1318–1389). Rooted in the Chishtī, Qādirīyah, and Yāsawī Sufi orders, it adopted and refined various doctrines and practices. Over centuries, the order spread widely, influencing vast regions including Central Asia, the Ottoman Empire, South Asia, and beyond.
Practices and Major Teachings
Ẕikr-i-K͟hafī (ذکر خفي)
The Naqshbandī practice of Ẕikr-i-K͟hafī, or silent remembrance of God, emphasizes inward, contemplative spirituality. Unlike the vocal and often loud practice of ẕikr followed in other Sufi orders, the silent ẕikr involves deep internal communication with the Divine, reflecting on God’s attributes and one’s relationship with Him.
Significance in Islam
The Naqshbandīyah order holds a unique place within Islamic mysticism, balancing engagement with the world while emphasizing spiritual refinement and discipline. Its focus on silent devotion underscores a personal, introspective approach to achieving closeness with God, underscoring the depth and diversity within Sufi practices.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition: Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions” by Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani
- “The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition” by Itzchak Weismann
- “Islamic Sufism Unbound: Politics and Piety in Twenty-First Century Pakistan” by Robert Rozehnal
- “Islamic Mysticism: A Short History” by Alexander Knysh
Takeaways
- The Naqshbandīyah is an influential Sufi order dedicated to spiritual purification and asceticism.
- The practice of Ẕikr-i-K͟hafī underscores the order’s emphasis on silent, internal worship.
- Originating from Central Asia, it holds historical significance and has deeply impacted various Islamic societies.
Conclusion
The Naqshbandīyah order, with its profound practices and teachings, continues to resonate within Islamic mysticism, offering a pathway to spiritual enlightenment through inner contemplation and silent devotion. Understanding this Sufi tradition enriches one’s comprehension of the diverse approaches to spirituality within Islam.
