AN-NAẒĪR (النضير)
Etymology
AN-NAẒĪR (Arabic: النضير) refers to a particular Jewish tribe that resided in the vicinity of al-Madīnah (present-day Medina). The term “Naẓīr” can be translated as “the forewarned” or “the cautioned.”
Turkish Translation: AN-NAẒĪR (النضير) in Turkish would remain the same, as it is a proper noun representing a specific tribe.
Historical Background
The Banū ʾn-Naẓīr, often spelled “Nadhīr,” held significant eminence in early Islamic history. The tribe initially showed support for the Prophet Muhammad, especially after his victory at the Battle of Badr in 624 CE.
However, their allegiance was short-lived. After the Muslim defeat at the Battle of Uḥud in 625 CE, Banū ʾn-Naẓīr reneged on their agreement and withdrew their support from the Muslim community. This led to tensions between them and the Prophet Muhammad.
Conflict and Exile
Following their desertion, Banū ʾn-Naẓīr faced consequences:
- Conflict with the Prophet Muhammad: The tribe plotted against the Prophet Muhammad, resulting in a siege that culminated in their defeat.
- Exile: As a result of their actions, Banū ʾn-Naẓīr were exiled from Medina. While some members were sent to K͟haibar, others found refuge in Ṭāʾif.
Qur’anic Reference
The tribe is referenced in the Qur’an in Surah al-Ḥashr (the 59th chapter), also known as “The Gathering” or “Exile.” This chapter discusses the expulsion of Banū ʾn-Naẓīr from Medina and reflects on the consequences of their actions. Classical Islamic exegesis, such as by al-Baiẓāwī, provides detailed commentary on this Surah.
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “The Life of Muhammad” by Ibn Ishaq: A foundational biography providing insights into the events involving Banū ʾn-Naẓīr.
- “Tafsir al-Baizawi, Being the Commentary on the Qur’an”: English translation by E.M. Wherry, for classical exegesis.
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings: Offers a comprehensive look at the life of the Prophet, including his interactions with Banū ʾn-Naẓīr.
Takeaways and Conclusion
Banū ʾn-Naẓīr’s historical narrative exemplifies the complexities and dynamics of tribal alliances and conflicts during the early Islamic period. Their eventual exile serves as a pivotal moment in Islamic history, symbolizing the challenges faced by the Muslim community in its nascent stages. The mention of Banū ʾn-Naẓīr in the Qur’an underscores the theological and moral lessons derived from their actions.
Understanding this tribe’s story enhances our comprehension of the socio-political landscape of 7th-century Arabia, highlighting the interplay between faith, diplomacy, and conflict.
Note: The information provided above is structured to serve as a concise yet comprehensive encyclopedia entry, suited for readers seeking an understanding of AN-NAẒĪR (النضير) within Islamic context.
