Albania, Islam in
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: “الإسلام في ألبانيا” (Al-Islam fi Albania)
- Turkish: “Arnavutluk’ta İslam”
Historical Background
Albania’s inclusion in the Ottoman Empire significantly influenced its religious landscape. The introduction of Islam during Ottoman rule led to a Muslim majority, which remains unique among European nations.
Religious Demographics
Currently, Albania is home to approximately 800 mosques and 360 Bektashi Sufi holy places. In 1928, following expulsion from Turkey, the head of the Bektashi Sufi order reestablished the order’s headquarters in Albania. The Bektashis, a Shia Islamic Sufi order, hold a prominent position culturally and spiritually.
Persecution Under Communism
Under the Communist regime, religious freedoms were severely restricted. In 1967, Albania declared itself officially atheist under Enver Hoxha’s governance. This led to the closure and destruction of mosques, churches, and other religious monuments. Religious leaders were persecuted, and the wearing of religious symbols was banned.
Post-Communist Revival
The bans on religious practice and symbols were lifted in 1990, allowing for the gradual restoration of religious worship. Mosques were rededicated, and religious works of art were once again displayed. Despite these positive changes, political instability and unrest both in Kosovo and within Albania have posed challenges to the normalization of religious life.
Contemporary Islamic Influence
Muslim missionary organizations and charities have been active in Albania, funding the restoration of mosques and promoting Islamic education and practices. These efforts seek to revitalize Islamic faith and culture in the country amidst ongoing social and political challenges.
Suggestion for Further Studies
To dive deeper into the topic of Islam in Albania, consider the following references:
- “Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society between Europe and the Arab World” by H.T. Norris
- “The Bektashi Order of Dervishes” by John Kingsley Birge
- “Religious Quest and National Identity in the Balkans” edited by Cedonia Graham
Takeaways
Islam in Albania is a compelling example of religious endurance and resurgence against political and ideological suppression. The dynamic between historical influences and current socio-political conditions showcases Albania’s unique position in European Muslim identity.
Conclusion
Albania’s Islamic heritage, affected by both conquest and persecution, exhibits a resilient character through its revival and adaptation in the contemporary era. The tension between religious freedom and political stability continues to shape the experience of Islam in Albania today.
