Al-Majūs (المجوس)
Definition and Significance in Islam
The term ‘Al-Majūs’ (المجوس) is the plural form of ‘Majūsī’, referring to the Magians, an ancient religious community. The Qur’an mentions Al-Majūs only once, highlighting their significance among various religious groups discussed in Islamic scripture.
Qur’anic Mention
Al-Majūs is cited in the Qur’an, specifically in Surah Al-Hajj (22:17):
<p>“As to those who believe, and the Jews, and the Sabeites, and the Christians, and the Magians, and those who join other gods with God, of a truth, God shall decide between them on the Day of Resurrection: for God is witness of all things.”</p>
Historical Context and Beliefs
Al-Majūs, or Magians, were highly regarded scholars and philosophers of their time, originating from the East at an early period. Historically, they devoted significant time to the study of heavenly bodies and nature, which influenced their religious practices and philosophical outlook.
Zoroastrianism and Reforms
Zoroaster, a key religious reformer in the 6th century B.C., significantly shaped the practices and beliefs of the Magians, transitioning their focus to Zoroastrianism. This religion became predominant in Persia until it was replaced by Islam.
Worship Practices
Magians were believed to worship the Divine under the emblem of fire, which they considered the purest symbol of the Divine presence. They abhorred idol worship and had distinct practices, setting them apart from other contemporaneous religious groups such as the Sabians, who worshipped celestial bodies.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: المجوس (Al-Majūs)
- Turkish: Mecusîler
Modern Day Magians
Today, the remnants of the Magian community are known as Gabrs in Persia and Parsis in India. Their ancient religious text, the Zend Avesta, captures their tenets and has been translated into English, providing comprehensive insights into their beliefs and practices.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Zend Avesta” - A. H. Bleeck’s translation from Professor Spiegel’s German edition.
- “The Parsi Religion” - An extensive refutation by Rev. Dr. John Wilson (Bombay, 1843).
- “Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization” - Richard Foltz.
- “Zoroastrianism: An Introduction” - Jenny Rose.
Takeaways
- Al-Majūs (المجوس) refers to the Magians or ancient Zoroastrians known for their philosophical and religious pursuits.
- They are mentioned in the Qur’an alongside other monotheistic and polytheistic communities, highlighting their significance in the religious landscape of Islam.
- Their religious doctrines, most notably reformed by Zoroaster, centered around fire worship and a cosmic dualism between good and evil.
Conclusion
The mention of Al-Majūs in the Qur’an underscores the diversity of religious beliefs acknowledged during the Islamic revelation period. Their historical evolution, philosophical traditions, and religious practices contribute to a broader understanding of the religious and cultural dynamics in the pre-Islamic era and during the spread of Islam.
By understanding the roots and beliefs of Al-Majūs, scholars and enthusiasts of Islamic history and theology can gain deeper insight into the multifaceted tapestry of ancient religious practices and their long-lasting impact on world religions.
