Al-Maʿārij (المعارج)
Definition and Significance
Al-Maʿārij (المعارج), translated as “The Ascents” or “The Steps,” is the title of the 70th chapter (Surah) of the Qur’an. This Surah primarily discusses themes of judgment, resurrection, and divine retribution.
Etymology and Language
- Arabic: المعارج (Al-Maʿārij)
- Turkish: Merâc
The term “Maʿārij” is derived from the Arabic root “ʿ-R-J” (ع-ر-ج), which generally means “to ascend” or “ascension.”
Verses and Interpretations
Key Verse
In the second verse of Surah Al-Maʿārij, the Qur’an mentions:
<p><em>“God, the possessor of the Ascents (or Steps) by which the angels ascend unto Him, and the Spirit (i.e. Gabriel), in a day whose space is fifty thousand years.”</em> (Qur’an 70:4)</p>
This passage has elicited various interpretations by Islamic scholars over the centuries.
Scholarly Explanations
- Sale’s Interpretation: Translating from al-Baiẓāwī and Zamak͟hsharī, Sale explains that the fifty thousand years represent either the time required for the ascent from the lowest part of creation to God’s throne or the journey timeframe for a man.
- Conflict with Other Verses: There are mentions elsewhere in the Qur’an where the day of the angels’ ascent is described as 1,000 years (Qur’an 32:5). This has been interpreted as the time taken for their ascent from Earth to the lower heaven, including their descent time.
Interpretative Reconciliations by Commentators
- Judgment Day: Many commentators believe the fifty-thousand-year span refers to the Day of Judgment. They suggest that this lengthy period may represent either the waiting time before judgment or the judgment period for unbelieving nations.
- Expedited Judgment for Believers: According to some traditions, God will judge the true believers in a much shorter duration, possibly half a day, in contradiction to the long spans mentioned for others.
Books for Further Studies
- “Tafsir al-Baghawi” by Al-Baghawi
- “Tafsir al-Qurtubi” by Al-Qurtubi
- “Tafsir al-Baydawi” by Al-Baydawi
- “Tafsir al-Kashf” by Al-Zamakhshari
- “Asbab al-Nuzul” by Al-Wahidi
Takeaways
- Understanding Context: It is important to consider both linguistic and contextual factors when interpreting Qur’anic verses.
- Diversity of Thought: Islamic scholarship exhibits a rich diversity in interpreting these profound metaphysical concepts.
- Theological Implications: The concept of time in divine matters differs significantly from human conception, highlighting the need for a deep and nuanced understanding.
Conclusion
The chapter of Al-Maʿārij captures the imagination of Muslim thinkers due to its profound commentary on divine ascension and the Day of Judgment. Different Islamic scholars offer varied perspectives in trying to reconcile the timings mentioned within. This reflects the complexity and the depth of Islamic theological explorations.
For a deeper understanding, readers are encouraged to explore classic tafsirs and works by renowned commentators, which provide comprehensive explanations and reflections on the meaning and significance of this Surah.
