Al-Khannās (الخناس)
Definition and Context
Al-Khannās (الخناس) is a term mentioned in the Qur’an, specifically in Surah Al-Nas (Sūrah cxiv) – the last chapter of the Holy Qur’an. The term refers to a stealthily withdrawing whisperer believed to incite humans towards sin and evil actions. It holds a significant place in Islamic theology and demonology.
Qur’anic Mention
The term Al-Khannās appears in the following verses of the Qur’an:
<p>“Say: I betake me for refuge to the Lord of men, The King of men, The God of men, Against the mischief of the stealthily withdrawing whisperer (al-khannās), Who whispereth in man’s breast— Against genii and men.”</p>
(Qur’an, Surah Al-Nas, 114:1-6)
Etymology
- Arabic: Al-Khannās (الخناس)
- Root: The Arabic root خ ن س (Kha’ Na’ Sa’) carries the meaning of ’to withdraw’ or ’to retreat stealthily.’ The term is traditionally used to describe an agent who slyly withdraws only to entice and allure again.
Theological Significance
In Islamic theology, Al-Khannās is a demon representing the whisperings that lead human beings away from the right path. The word describes the sneaky, alluring, and seducing manner of the devil (Shayṭān) and his supernatural accomplices (jinn):
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Stealthy Whisperings: Al-Khannās denotes the subtle inclinations toward evil, occurring in the mind and heart of an individual, often unnoticed.
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Dual Influence: The whisperings are ascribed to both supernatural entities (jinn) and corrupt human elements. This highlights a dual threat in both the unseen and human domains.
Significance in Muslim Life
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Spiritual Vigilance: Muslims are taught to be mindful of Al-Khannās’s whisperings, engaging in frequent supplication and seeking refuge in Allah to protect them from these subtle evils.
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Mental Discipline: Understanding Al-Khannās fortifies a Muslim’s resolve in maintaining righteous thoughts and actions, reinforcing self-awareness and mental discipline.
Recommended Books for Further Study
- “The Concept of Satan in Christianity and Islam” by Bokhari, who delves into comparative studies on the entities akin to Al-Khannās.
- “Islamic Demonology: A Study of Evil in the Qur’an and Islamic Tradition” by Gerda Hell.
- “Jinn and Human Sickness: Remedies in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah” by Dr. Abu’l-Mundhir Khaleel ibn Ibraaheem Ameen.
Key Takeaways
- Al-Khannās: A demon that represents hidden, retreating whispers leading humans to evil.
- Qur’anic Roots: Highlighted in Surah Al-Nas, emphasizing protection from such whisperings.
- Dual Nature: Symbolizes both supernatural and human sources of evil inspirations.
- Spiritual Vigilance: Encourages Muslims to remain vigilant and seek divine refuge.
Conclusion
The concept of Al-Khannās (الخناس) serves as a profound reminder in Islamic tradition about the subtle and hidden influences that can lead one astray. It emphasizes the continuous need for spiritual vigilance, reframing how Muslims introspect and protect their moral fiber. By seeking refuge in Allah and understanding these theological tenets, believers can fortify themselves against such insidious influences.
This entry on Al-Khannās offers foundational insights into its significance within Islamic theology and daily religious practice. To understand more about these practices and beliefs, consider delving into the recommended readings.
