Al-Furqān (الفرقان)
Definition and Significance
Al-Furqān (الفرقان) is a multifaceted term in Islamic theology and Qur’anic studies. Its primary significance is rooted in its association with the Qur’an, but it also holds broader applications in various Islamic contexts.
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Title of Sūrah XXV: Al-Furqān is the title of the 25th Sūrah of the Qur’an. This Sūrah emphasizes the discernment between truth and falsehood, showcasing the divine guidance provided through the Qur’an.
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Title of the Qur’an: The term Al-Furqān is one of the titles of the Qur’an itself, as it emphasizes the Qur’an’s role in distinguishing between right and wrong, permissible (halal) and impermissible (haram) (Sūrah 2:181; 3:2; 25:1).
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The Taurāt Revealed to Moses: Al-Furqān is also a title given to the Taurāt (Torah) revealed to Moses, affirming the Torah’s role in guiding the Children of Israel (Sūrah 2:50; 21:49).
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The Victory at Badr: The term is used to describe the victory of the Muslims at the Battle of Badr, which is considered a momentous event that distinguished the nascent Muslim community (Ummah) from its adversaries (Sūrah 8:42).
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Ṣūfī Terminology: In Sufi mysticism, Al-Furqān is used to describe the spiritual process of distinguishing truth from error. This denotes a higher state of discernment achieved through mystical insight and divine guidance.
Etymology
Al-Furqān (الفرقان) is derived from the Arabic root فَرَقَ (farq), which means “to separate” or “to distinguish.” The noun form فُرْقَان (furqān) thus means “that which separates” or “criterion.” This concept of separation is fundamental in all its applications within Islamic thought, whether distinguishing between revelations, moral guidelines, or spiritual insights.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: الفرقان
- Turkish: Furkan
Recommended Books for Further Study
- Tafsir al-Jalalayn by Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli and Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti - An accessible Qur’anic commentary.
- The Study Quran edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr - Provides an in-depth translation and commentary.
- The Signs of the Day of Judgment by Ibn Kathir - A traditional Islamic text discussing the Day of Judgment.
- Sufism: An Introduction to the Mystical Tradition of Islam by Carl W. Ernst - Covers the Sufi understanding of Al-Furqān.
Takeaways
- Al-Furqān serves as a significant term in Islamic theology, bridging various interpretations from the Qur’anic text to Sufi mysticism.
- It underscores the primary purpose of divine scriptures: to guide human behavior and ensure moral clarity.
- The term’s application extends beyond the Qur’an to other holy texts and historical events, illustrating its broad theological significance.
Conclusion
Al-Furqān epitomizes the Islamic emphasis on discernment and divine guidance. Whether in reference to the Qur’an, the Torah, pivotal historical events, or spiritual insights, Al-Furqān remains a key concept in understanding the Islamic worldview of moral and spiritual clarity.
