Al-Baiyina (البينة)
Definition
Al-Baiyina (البينة) Lit. “The Evidence.” A title given to the 98th (XCVIIIth) Sūrah of the Qur’an, where the term “Al-Baiyina” appears. This Surah discusses the coming of clear evidence to those who disbelieve among the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) and the polytheists, emphasizing that these groups will not desist from their ways until the evidence comes to them.
Etymology
- Arabic: The term “البينة” (transliteration: al-baiyina) is derived from the Arabic root “ب ي ن” (B-Y-N), which means to separate or clarify.
- Turkish: The term is also used in Turkish as “Beyyine,” retaining similar meaning and significance.
Qur’anic Context
- Surah Al-Baiyina (98:1): “Those who disbelieve among the People of the Book and the disbelievers were not to be parted (from error) until there came to them clear evidence.”
- This Surah consists of 8 verses and highlights the universality of the Qur’anic message as clear and unequivocal guidance from God.
Significance in Islamic Thought
In Islamic theology and philosophy, “Al-Baiyina” holds profound significance:
- Evidence of Prophethood: This term is essential for proving the legitimacy and truth of the Islamic message as conveyed by Prophet Muhammad.
- Clear Guidance: It underscores the clarity and incontrovertibility of the divine guidance provided in the Qur’an, encouraging Muslims to adhere to it with conviction.
Key Themes
- Clarification and Proof: The Surah articulates that the clear evidence separates truth from falsehood.
- Universal Message: Stresses that the message of the Qur’an is universal, addressing both the People of the Book and polytheists.
- Spiritual Reformation: Calls for spiritual reform and understanding through clear evidence.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Qur’an: A New Translation” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem
- “The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr
- “Understanding the Qur’an: Themes and Style” by Muhammad Abdel Haleem
- “In the Shadow of the Qur’an” by Sayyid Qutb
Takeaways
- Terminology: Understand that “Al-Baiyina” is a significant term in the Qur’an referring to clear evidence or proof.
- Islamic Teachings: Recognize the Qur’an’s emphasis on providing clear and definitive evidence to guide humanity.
- Interfaith Perspective: Note the connection and appeal to previous religious traditions within a broader monotheistic context.
Conclusion
“Al-Baiyina” underscores the Qur’an’s role as a clear and unequivocal guide, providing divine evidence that differentiates truth from falsehood. By understanding the meaning and context of this term within the Qur’an, one can appreciate the depth of its theological and spiritual significance in Islam.
