AL-ʿALĪM (العليم)
AL-ʿALĪM (العليم) is one of the ninety-nine special names of God (Asma’ul Husna) in Islam. This name is frequently referenced in the Qurʾān and carries the profound meaning of “The All-Knowing” or “The Omniscient.”
Etymology and Translation
Etymology: The term “Al-ʿAlīm” is derived from the Arabic root ‘ʿ-l-m’, which relates to knowledge. The root form عَلِمَ (ʿalima) means “to know” or “to be aware of.”
Arabic: العليم (al-ʿAlīm)
Turkish: El-Alîm
Usage in the Qur’an
The name AL-ʿALĪM is used extensively in the Qur’an, emphasizing God’s infinite knowledge of all things—whether seen or unseen, past or future, apparent or hidden.
Examples:
-
Sura Al-Baqarah (2:32):
- “They said, ‘Exalted are You; we have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed, it is You who is the Knowing, the Wise.’ (Innaka anta al-ʿAlīmu l-ḥakīm)”
-
Sura Al-ʾAnʿām (6:59):
- “And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. (Wahua ʿalā kulli shay’in ʿalīm)”
Theological Significance
The attribute of AL-ʿALĪM illustrates the inherent belief in God’s limitless knowledge, culminating in several theological implications:
- Divine Omniscience: It asserts that God’s knowledge encompasses all things, transcending human understanding.
- Moral Accountability: Belief in AL-ʿALĪM encourages ethical behavior and mindfulness in Muslims, as they strive to act justly knowing they cannot hide their actions from God’s infinite awareness.
- Trust in Divine Wisdom: The recognition of God’s complete knowledge helps believers place their trust in divine wisdom when they encounter life’s uncertainties and trials.
Books for Further Reading
- “The Ninety-Nine Names of God in Islam” by al-Ghazali
- Offers a comprehensive exploration of the Asma’ul Husna, including AL-ʿALĪM.
- “God and Knowledge” by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
- Delivers deeper insights into how divine knowledge is perceived in Islamic theology.
- “Tafsir al-Jalalayn” by Jalal ad-Din al-Mahalli and Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti
- Provides exegesis on the Qur’anic verses mentioning AL-ʿALĪM.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- God’s Knowledge is Infinite: The name AL-ʿALĪM encapsulates the belief in God’s boundless and all-encompassing knowledge.
- Encouragement of Ethical Conduct: Faith in God’s omniscience inspires Muslims to live in accordance with moral and ethical guidelines.
- Trust in Divine Plan: Understanding AL-ʿALĪM nurtures trust and faith in God’s plan, even in challenging times.
In summary, AL-ʿALĪM (العليم) is not merely a name but a profound reminder of God’s unparalleled wisdom and omniscience, guiding believers to live righteous lives with mindfulness and faith.
