Definition and Etymology
AK͟HLĀQ (اخلاق): The term “Ak͟hlāq” (اخلاق) is the plural form of K͟hulq (خلق), which signifies “natures,” “dispositions,” “habits,” and “manners.” In Islamic philosophy and theology, Ak͟hlāq pertains to the study and practice of moral virtues and ethical conduct.
Etymology:
- Arabic (اخلاق): Derived from the root word “خلق” (Khalq), meaning “creation,” “nature,” or “disposition.”
- Turkish Translation: Ahlak (Akhlak).
Importance in Islamic Context
Ak͟hlāq is a vital component of Islam, forming the basis of ethical and moral behavior. It encompasses the principles and guidelines for personal conduct, social interactions, and spiritual growth according to Islamic teachings.
Key Literature in Ak͟hlāq
Some notable works that focus on Ak͟hlāq include:
- Ak͟hlāq-i-Jalālī: A significant work on Islamic ethics.
- Ak͟hlāq-i-Muḥsinī: Another influential text exploring the doctrines of morality from an Islamic perspective.
- Dissertation on Ethics by Ḥusain Wāʾiz̤ Kāshifī: Known as Ak͟hlāq-i-Kāshifī, this work, completed in A.H. 910 (circa 1504-1505 CE), has been translated into English by Rev. H. G. Keene (W. H. Allen & Co.).
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Ethics of Islam” by Professor Abdulaziz Sachedina.
- “Ethics in Islam: Friendship in the Political Thought of al-Tawḥīdī and his Contemporaries” by Oliver Leaman.
- “Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart” by Hamza Yusuf.
- “The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran” by Roy Mottahedeh.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Ak͟hlāq is central to understanding Islamic morality and ethical behavior.
- The plural term refers to a wide array of personal and social virtues that shape interpersonal and community relations.
- Key Islamic texts and scholars have elaborated on Ak͟hlāq, making it a rich field of study within Islamic philosophy.
- Understanding Ak͟hlāq provides valuable insights into the moral framework and ethical codes in Islam, which continue to guide the personal and social conduct of Muslims.
By studying Ak͟hlāq, one gains a deeper appreciation of Islamic ethics and the comprehensive approach Islam takes towards fostering moral and virtuous communities.
