Ajal
Definition
Ajal (Arabic: أَجَل), in Islamic theology and philosophy, refers to the appointed or decreed time of death for every individual, predetermined by God (Allah). It signifies a specific moment chosen by Allah beyond which an individual’s life cannot be extended nor can it be shortened.
Etymology
The term “ajal” is derived from the Arabic root “أ ج ل” (ʾ-j-l), which broadly means a set or appointed time. In Turkish, it is spelled as “ecel.”
Usage in Islamic Texts and Theology
In addition to the end of a life, the term ajal can also refer to other divinely established timings, such as the moment of birth, the cycles of the moon, and solar phases, as well as significant eschatological events like the Day of Judgment.
In the Qur’an, the concept of ajal is mentioned in verses like:
- Surah Al-An’am (6:2): “He it is Who created you from clay, and then decreed a term [appointed for you]; and there is with Him another determined term [for you].”
- Surah An-Nahl (16:61): “For every nation is a specified term. When their time has come, they will not remain behind an hour, nor will they precede [it].”
Theological Significance
The concept of ajal underscores a central belief in Islamic theology concerning divine omniscience and omnipotence. It serves as a reminder of human mortality and the belief that all life events, including death, are controlled by divine will. This belief encourages Muslims to live a righteous life in preparation for death and the afterlife, emphasizing God’s powerful role as the Creator and Sustainer of life.
Takeaways
- Predetermined by God: All individuals have a predefined life span established by Allah.
- Beyond Control: Humans cannot alter the decreed time of death, highlighting divine authority over life and death.
- Broader Application: The term extends to all divine timings, reflecting on death, natural cycles, and eschatological events.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations” by Michael Sells: Offers insights into understanding complex concepts in the Quran.
- “Islamic Theology and the Quest for Evidentially Based Belief” by Yaser Qadhi: Explores various theological constructs, including life’s milestones in Islam.
- “Islam: A Very Short Introduction” by Malise Ruthven: Provides concise explanations of Islamic beliefs and practices.
Conclusion
Ajal represents the Islamic belief in the precision and inevitability of divine decree over a person’s lifespan and natural phenomena, reinforcing the themes of divine omnipotence and the personal accountability in the eyes of God. This core theological principle emphasizes a life lived with awareness of the eventual certainty of death and the pursuit of righteousness.
