Ahmadis
Overview
The Ahmadis represent a controversial messianic movement within Islam, founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (then British-controlled India), in 1889. The founder claimed to be a “non-legislating” prophet, thereby purporting not to contravene the mainstream Islamic belief in the finality of Muhammad’s legislative prophecy. The movement is dedicated to the peaceful propagation of faith, the production of religious literature, and the establishment of mosques and missionary centers.
Etymology and Translations
The term “Ahmadi” stems from “Ahmad,” an alternative name for the Prophet Muhammad and the surname of the movement’s founder. In Arabic, Ahmadiyah (أحمدية) refers to their community. In Turkish, it is also referred to as “Ahmedi” or “Ahmediyye.”
Historical Background
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s mission was to renew and revive Islam, and he positioned himself as a divinely appointed figure for this purpose. Despite asserting himself as a non-legislative prophet, thus not negating traditional end-of-prophecy beliefs centering on Muhammad, his claims were deemed heretical by the majority of Muslims.
Two major sects within the Ahmadi movement are the Qadiani and Lahori factions. The Qadiani faction adheres to the beliefs of Ghulam Ahmad’s continued prophethood, while the Lahori faction emphasizes his role as merely a renovator (Mujaddid) of the faith rather than an actual prophet.
Practices and Beliefs
Ahmadis emphasize the peaceful propagation of their version of Islam through literature and missionary work. They have established numerous mosques and centers globally to aid in this mission.
Current Status
Presently, Ahmadis face significant persecution, particularly in Pakistan, where they are forbidden from practicing, preaching, or representing their faith as Islam, and their places of worship cannot legally be declared as mosques.
Leadership and Organization
The current head of the Ahmadi community is Mirza Masroor Ahmad, based in London. The community maintains a hierarchical structure with centralized leadership.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- The Holy Qur’an with Commentary by Maulana Muhammad Ali
- Ahmadiyya Movement: British-Jewish Connections by Bashir Ahmad
Takeaways
- Alternative Prophethood: Ahmadis believe in the continuation of non-legislative prophethood, which stands in opposition to mainstream Islamic beliefs.
- Peaceful Propagation: Despite their controversial status, Ahmadis focus on the peaceful dissemination of their faith.
- Persecution: Ahmadis face severe restrictions and discrimination in several Muslim-majority countries.
Conclusion
The Ahmadiyya movement presents a complex case of religious divergence within Islam, striking a delicate balance between claims of renewal and continuity. Its peaceful endeavors notwithstanding, it continues to navigate the challenging waters of acceptance and persecution in the broader Islamic world.
This entry provides a comprehensive view of the Ahmadiyya movement, tracing its historical origins, core beliefs, and current status. For anyone studying Islamic movements, the Ahmadis offer a profound example of intra-faith challenges and the pursuit of spiritual unique paths.
