Aṣ-Ṣamad (الصمد)
Definition
Aṣ-Ṣamad (الصمد), often translated as “The Eternal” or “The Absolute,” is one of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God (Allah) in Islam. This name signifies God’s self-sufficiency and His role as the one to whom everything returns in need and dependence.
Etymology
The term Aṣ-Ṣamad (الصمد) is derived from the Arabic root “ص-م-د” (ṣ-m-d), which imparts meanings of firmness, solidity, and the attribute of being unaffected by external forces. In classical Arabic lexicons such as Al-Muḥkam and Lisānu ’l-ʿArab, the term connotes a lord or master to whom people turn in times of need, and it also carries the nuance of something or someone eternal and unchangeable.
- Arabic: الصمد
- Transliteration: Aṣ-Ṣamad
- Turkish: Es-Samed
Qur’anic Context and Usage
Aṣ-Ṣamad occurs only once in the Qur’an, in Surah Al-Ikhlas (Sūrah 112:2):
<p>“Allah the Eternal Absolute” (Allahus-Samad).</p>
This verse is part of a short chapter that underscores the uniqueness and oneness of God. It is particularly recited for its powerful declaration of God’s eternal and absolute nature.
Theological Significance
Aṣ-Ṣamad encapsulates several key aspects of Islamic theology:
- Self-Sufficiency: God does not depend on anything or anyone. He is entirely self-sufficient.
- Eternality: God is eternal; He has no beginning or end.
- Dependence: Everything in the universe depends on God, while He depends on nothing.
Cultural and Ritual Implications
In Islamic culture and practice, invoking the name Aṣ-Ṣamad can be a means of finding solace and affirming one’s trust in God’s unchanging and unassailable nature. It is a reminder that God is the ultimate refuge and support in times of need.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Ninety-Nine Beautiful Names of God” by Ghazzali
- “The Names and Characteristics of God” by Imam Al-Bayhaqi
- “Al-Maqsad al-Asna Fi Sharh Asma’ Allah al-Husna” by Ibn ‘Arabi
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Key Takeaway: Aṣ-Ṣamad embodies the concepts of self-sufficiency and eternality. It serves as a powerful reminder of God’s absolute nature and His central role as the sustainer of all existence.
- Conclusion: In understanding Aṣ-Ṣamad, Muslims affirm their faith in a God who is eternal, independent, and the ultimate recourse in any situation. This deepens their reverence and connection to divine attributes that emphasize God’s uniqueness and omnipotence.
Understand how this name fits within the broader tapestry of the 99 names of Allah, each serving to highlight a unique aspect of the divine character that Muslims seek to comprehend and embody in their daily lives.
