Introduction
Aṣ-Ṣāffāt (الصافات), translated as “Those who set the ranks,” is the title of the XXXVIIth Sūrah (Chapter) of the Qurʾān. Derived from the Arabic root ṣāffah (pl. ṣāffāt), which means “to arrange in rows or ranks,” this title refers specifically to the positioning of angels, as mentioned in the first verse of the sūrah.
Etymology
- Arabic: الصافات (Aṣ-Ṣāffāt)
- Root: From the root ṣāffah (صَفَحَ), meaning “to arrange in rows or ranks.”
- Turkish: Saf Tutanlar (The Ones Who Set in Ranks)
Textual Context
In the context of the Qur’an, Aṣ-Ṣāffāt signifies a group of angels who are described as being arranged in orderly ranks. The first verse of the sūrah emphasizes this depiction:
<p>“By those [angels] lined up in rows…” (<strong>Qur’an 37:1</strong>)</p>
Here, the angels are mentioned to highlight their disciplined and orderly nature, poised to carry out divine commands.
Themes and Content
Aṣ-Ṣāffāt covers a variety of themes, including:
- Monotheism: Reaffirming the belief in one God and the futility of idol worship.
- Prophethood: Narratives of various prophets including Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Moses, Aaron, Elijah, Lot, and Jonah.
- Resurrection and Judgment Day: Emphasizing the certainty of resurrection and the Day of Judgment.
- Divine Justice: Affirming that wrongdoers will receive their due punishment while the righteous will inherit eternal bliss.
Significance
Theological Implications
- Order and Discipline of Angels: The ranks of angels signify orderliness and the hierarchical structure in the execution of divine commands.
- Reinforcement of Monotheism: The chapter is pivotal in reinforcing fundamental Islamic beliefs, focusing primarily on monotheism and the rejection of polytheism.
Reflection and Contemplation
Believers are encouraged to reflect on the stories of the prophets and the lessons they entail—ranging from patience and resilience to unwavering faith in the divine.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Study Qur’an: A New Translation and Commentary” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr et al.
- “An Introduction to the Qur’ān” by Richard Bell, edited by W. Montgomery Watt.
- “Major Themes of the Qur’an” by Fazlur Rahman.
Conclusion
Aṣ-Ṣāffāt (الصافات) serves as a reminder of the disciplined nature of the divine order and the central tenets of Islamic faith. It emphasizes monotheism, the role of prophets, and the significance of divine justice, urging believers to maintain righteousness and uphold the principles laid down by God.
Takeaways
- Etymology: Rooted in the concept of order and ranks (ṣāffah).
- Significance: Highlights theological themes such as monotheism, resurrection, and divine justice.
- Reflection: Encourages Muslims to ponder the stories of prophets and learn from their righteousness and steadfast faith.
