Ṣāliḥ (صالح) in Islam
Introduction
Ṣāliḥ (صالح) is a prophet mentioned in the Qur’an, primarily known for his mission to guide the tribes of ʿĀd and Thamūd towards monotheism. His story is emblematic of prophetic perseverance in the face of adversity, and it includes significant signs and miracles that underpin his divine message.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: صالح (Ṣāliḥ)
- Turkish: Salih
The name Ṣāliḥ comes from the Arabic root “Ṣ-L-Ḥ,” which relates to righteousness or piety. In both classical and modern contexts, the name implies uprightness and moral integrity.
Qur’anic Account
Ṣāliḥ is introduced in the Qur’an primarily in Sūrah VII, Verses 71–77.
1And We sent unto the tribe of Thamud their brother Ṣāliḥ. He said, O my people, worship God. Ye have no other deity than Him. A miraculous proof of my veracity hath come unto you from your Lord, this she-camel of God being a sign unto you...
The account details his efforts to bring the tribes to monotheism, emphasizing a miraculous she-camel as a divine sign. The tribes’ subsequent impiety and transgression resulted in divine punishment.
Islamic Commentators’ Observations
Islamic commentators, such as Al-Baiẓāwī, provide additional lineage details, linking Ṣāliḥ to notable ancestors. Furthermore, commentaries elucidate the symbolic import of the she-camel and the broader theological messages encapsulated in his narrative.
Historical and Biblical Connections
Ṣāliḥ is sometimes identified with figures from Biblical texts. Samuel Bochart equates him with Peleg (Gen. xi. 16), while D’Herbelot suggests a connection to Salah (Gen. xi. 13). These associations provide an intertextual dimension to his story, enriching both Islamic and Judeo-Christian traditions.
Key Commentaries and Interpretations
- Lane’s Selections from the Qur’an, 2nd ed. by Stanley Lane Poole: This English rendition includes annotations that offer critical insights into Ṣāliḥ’s narrative and its theological significance.
Historical Impact
Ṣāliḥ’s mission to the tribes of ʿĀd and Thamūd is often referenced to underline the themes of divine justice and prophecy. The destruction of the Thamūd stands as a stark reminder of the consequences of disbelief and impiety.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Role as a Prophet: Ṣāliḥ’s story exemplifies the challenges faced by prophets in preaching monotheism.
- Miraculous Sign: The she-camel serves as a divine sign and a test of the tribes’ faith.
- Moral and Ethical Lessons: The narrative emphasizes righteousness, obedience to divine commands, and the dire repercussions of moral transgressions.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “Qur’anic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation” by John Wansbrough
- “Major Themes of the Qur’an” by Fazlur Rahman
- “An Introduction to the Qur’an” by Abdullah Saeed
Conclusion
Ṣāliḥ’s story in Islam highlights significant theological themes, including monotheism, divine signs, and moral integrity. His narrative serves as an essential lesson in Islamic tradition about the consequences of ignoring divine guidance.
