ḤIQQAH (حقة)
Definition
The term ḤIQQAH (حقة) refers to a female camel that has reached the age of three years. According to Islamic jurisprudence, this is the stipulated age for a camel to be given as zakāt (تركية: زكاة), a form of compulsory almsgiving, for camels ranging in number from forty-six to sixty.
Etymology
The Arabic word ḤIQQAH (حقة) stems from the root “ح ق ق” (ḥ-q-q), which broadly implies establishing a right or measuring something precisely. The term specifically denotes a female camel that is three years old and transitioning into its fourth year, indicating its readiness for burdensome tasks and its legal eligibility in the context of zakāt.
Translations
- Arabic: حقة
- Turkish: Üç yaşındaki dişi deve
Usage in Islamic Law
In the framework of zakāt, the obligatory charitable practice that qualifies as one of the Five Pillars of Islam, camels are categorized according to their age and number:
- For camels numbering between 46 and 60, a ḤIQQAH is specified as the suitable type for zakāt. This ensures adherence to Islamic legal guidelines and facilitates a standardized approach to almsgiving.
Significance
The classification of camels, such as the ḤIQQAH, in the context of zakāt, reflects the intricate and comprehensive nature of Islamic economic principles. It underscores the importance of proportional and just distribution of wealth and resources within the Muslim community.
Further Studies
To delve deeper into the subject, consider the following resources:
- “Fiqh al-Zakāh” by Yusuf al-Qaradawi
- “The Book of Zakah” by Abu Bakr Jabir al-Jaza’iri
- “Islamic Jurisprudence” by Abdur Rahman I. Doi
Takeaways
- ḤIQQAH (حقة) denotes a three-year-old female camel significant in Islamic zakāt calculations for camels numbering between 46 and 60.
- The term is rooted in the Arabic word for actuality and precise measurement, embodying the meticulous principles governing zakāt.
- Understanding specific terms like ḤIQQAH helps in comprehending the broader Islamic legal framework regarding social welfare and economic justice.
Conclusion
The concept of ḤIQQAH (حقة) not only illustrates the precise categorization within Islamic teachings but also highlights the comprehensive and equitable nature of Islamic jurisprudence related to wealth distribution. By adhering to prescribed guidelines for zakāt, Muslims partake in a system that aims to foster community support and socioeconomic balance.
