Introduction
ḤIDĀD (حـداد) is an Arabic term that refers to the state of mourning specifically observed by a widow in Islam. During this period, the widow abstains from scents, ornaments, and other forms of adornment following the death of her husband.
Etymology
- Arabic: حـداد (ḤIDĀD)
- Turkish: Yas dönemi
The term is derived from the root Arabic word “ḥ-d-d,” which generally implies restriction or containment, reflecting the restrictive practices a widow adheres to during the mourning period.
Definition and Practice
Mourning Period
In Islamic tradition, ḤIDĀD refers to the specified duration during which a widow is expected to observe certain behavioral limitations as a mark of mourning. According to Islamic law, this period lasts four months and ten days (approximately 130 days).
Behavioral Restrictions
- Abstinence from Scents: The widow refrains from using any perfumes or scented items.
- Avoidance of Ornaments: The widow does not wear jewelry, brightly colored clothes, or any form of adornment.
- Public Engagements: The widow minimizes her participation in public social events, aligning with the somber nature of the mourning period.
Legal and Cultural Context
Islamic Jurisprudence
The practice of ḤIDĀD is rooted in Islamic jurisprudential texts. An example citation includes:
- Hidāyah, vol. i. p. 370
Islamic legal scholars have long discussed and codified the parameters of mourning in significant fiqh (jurisprudence) works.
Cultural Implications
Culturally, ḤIDĀD signifies respect for the deceased and a period for the widow to reflect and transition. This practice ensures that the widow adheres to religious standards while respecting social norms.
Further Reading
- “The Hidāyah: Commentary on the Islamic Laws” by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani
- “Islamic Jurisprudence” by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee
- “Muslim Family Law” by David Pearl and Werner Menski
Takeaways
- ḤIDĀD is a significant practice in Islam for widows, symbolizing respect, reflection, and transition.
- The practice is underpinned by Islamic jurisprudence and cultural norms.
- The mourning period lasts for four months and ten days, during which the widow abstains from enhancing her appearance and socializing publicly.
Conclusion
ḤIDĀD (حـداد) carries deep religious and cultural significance in Islam. This mourning period for a widow is marked by specific behavioral practices taught by Islamic law to honor the deceased husband and focus on the importance of familial and societal respect.
