Ḥawārī (حوارى)
Definition
Ḥawārī (حوارى): A term used in the Qur’an to denote the Apostles of Jesus (Sūrahs Al ‘Imran 3:52 and As-Saff 61:14). The term is significant not only within the context of Jesus’s disciples but also extends metaphorically to the sincere followers of other prophets according to Islamic tradition.
Etymology
The term Ḥawārī is derived from the Arabic root ḥawar (حَوَرَ), which means “to be white.” This root connects the term to purity and sincerity, potentially symbolizing the Apostles’ pure and sincere intent in their devotion and actions.
There are alternative explanations for the origin of the term:
- Al-Baiḍāwī’s Interpretation: Al-Baiẓāwī, a prominent Islamic commentator, suggests that the term may have been ascribed to the disciples of Jesus because of their pure intentions or due to their wearing of white garments, which symbolized purity and respectability.
- Æthiopic Derivation: Some traditions hint at an Ethiopian root, hawryra, meaning “to go” or “to be sent,” which could emphasize the missionary aspect of the Apostles as those sent to preach and spread the teachings of Jesus.
Use in Qur’an and Hadith
In the Qur’anic verses, the Ḥawārī are mentioned specifically in these contexts:
- Surah Al ‘Imran (3:52): References the helpers of Jesus who supported him in his mission.
- Surah As-Saff (61:14): Illustrates the commitment and support provided by the Apostles of Jesus.
Within the broader Islamic traditions such as the Hadith, the term Ḥawārī is expanded to represent observant and devoted followers of all prophets, thus, generalizing the concept of pure and dedicated followers beyond the context of Jesus’s disciples (mentioned in Mishkāt al-Masābih, Book 1, Chapter 6, Part 1).
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: الحوارى
- Turkish: Havârî
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Jesus and the Qur’an” by Geoffrey Parrinder: An exploration of the figures common to Christianity and Islam, including the Apostles.
- “Tafsir al-Jalalayn” by Jalal ad-Din al-Mahalli and Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti: A classical exegesis of the Qur’an which mentions the term Ḥawārī.
- “The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr: This work provides extensive commentary on Qur’anic verses and terms, including those related to the Apostles.
Takeaways and Conclusion
Ḥawārī (حوارى) captures the essence of devoted and sincere discipleship within the Islamic tradition. While rooted in the specific context of Jesus’s Apostles, its application extends to the loyal followers of other prophets. The term’s etymology points to themes of purity, sincerity, and a mission-oriented life, reflecting the broader Islamic values of faith and commitment. Through its mention in the Qur’an and Hadith, Ḥawārī holds a significant place in Islamic theology and spiritual thought.
Conclusion: The exploration of Ḥawārī (حوارى) bridges the understanding of scriptural terminologies across different religious landscapes and enriches one’s comprehension of Islamic views on prophetic discipleship and spiritual purity.
