Ḥashr (حشر)
Definition and Etymology
Ḥashr (Arabic: حشر) is a term that literally translates to “going forth from one place and assembling in another.” This rich term holds multi-faceted significance within Islamic theology and jurisprudence, depending on its contextual usage.
Usage in the Qur’an
The concept of Ḥashr appears in the Qur’an with two primary meanings: emigration and assembly. This term is crucial in understanding several key events and eschatological themes in Islam.
Emigration
For example, in the Qur’anic verse Surah Al-Hashr (59:2), it states:
<p>“It was He who drove forth from their homes those people of the Book (Jews) who disbelieved, at the first emigration.”</p>
Assembly
In another context, Surah An-Naml (27:17) refers to the assembly:
<p>“And his hosts of the jinn and men and birds were assembled for Solomon.”</p>
Yaumu ’l-Ḥashr
The term Yaumu ’l-Ḥashr is deeply embedded in Islamic eschatology, referring to the Day of Resurrection or the Day of Judgment when the dead shall rise from their graves and assemble for divine judgement. This notion is underscored in Surah Qaf (50:42-44):
<p>“Verily We cause to live, and We cause to die. To Us shall all return. On the day when the earth shall swiftly cleave asunder over the dead, will this gathering be easy to Us.”</p>
Significance in Islamic Thought
Ḥashr is significant in conveying the belief in accountability and divine justice. The themes of emigration reflect the challenges and trials faced by early Muslim communities, particularly during the Hijrah (migration) from Mecca to Medina. The assembly aspect underscores collective responsibility and the profound imagery of a final reckoning day for all humanity.
Translations
- Arabic: حشر
- Turkish: Haşr
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “The Qur’an: A New Translation” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem - Offers comprehensive translations and explanations of key Qur’anic terms, including Ḥashr.
- “Quranic Keywords: A Reference Guide” by Abdur Rashid Siddiqui - An excellent resource for understanding important Qur’anic terms in context.
- “Islamic Eschatology: A Comparative Perspective” by David Cook - Explores eschatological themes within Islam, including the concept of Yaumu ’l-Ḥashr.
Conclusion and Takeaway
The term Ḥashr encapsulates essential concepts of movement and congregation both in this world and in the Hereafter. Its dual significance in describing historical events and eschatological beliefs makes it a pivotal term for understanding Islamic theology and the continuous theme of accountability and divine gathering.
Understanding Ḥashr provides richer insight into the Qur’anic narrative and broader Islamic cosmology, reinforcing the themes of community, transfer, and final judgement central to the Muslim faith.
