Ḥasad (حسد)
Definition
Ḥasad (حسد) – an Arabic term translated as “envy”, “malevolence”, or “malice”. In Islamic theology, it refers to the feeling of jealousy and wishing harm or misfortune upon others because of their blessings or successes.
Etymology
Arabic: Ḥasad (حسد) Turkish: Kıskançlık
The root word ح–س–د is found in Arabic sources and literature, connoting feelings of envy and ill will.
Occurrences in the Qur’an
The term Ḥasad appears in the Qur’an, emphasizing its spiritual dangers and the ethical imperatives for Muslims to avoid such feelings:
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Sūrah Al-Baqarah (2:103):
<p>“Many of the People of the Book (i.e., Jews and Christians) desire to bring you back to unbelief after ye have believed, out of selfish envy, even after the truth hath been clearly shown to them.”</p>
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Sūrah Al-Falaq (113:5):
<p>“I seek refuge … from the envy of the envious when he envies.”</p>
Theological and Ethical Context
In Islamic tradition, Ḥasad is considered a destructive sentiment detrimental to both the individual and the community. It is discouraged because it fosters ill-will and social discord, contrary to the principles of brotherhood and mutual respect encouraged by Islam. The Prophet Muhammad also warned against envy, teaching that it consumes good deeds just as fire consumes wood.
Practical Implications
Muslims are urged to introspect and combat feelings of Ḥasad through:
- Tazkiyah (Purification of the Soul): Actively working on self-purification and nurturing positive traits like gratitude and contentment.
- Du’ā (Supplication): Seeking Allah’s refuge and guidance to overcome negative feelings.
- Encouraging Mutual Goodwill: Practicing generosity and fostering a community of mutual support and kindness.
Books for Further Studies
- “The Purification of the Soul” by Ahmad Farid
- “The Seventy-Seven Branches of Faith” by Imam al-Bayhaqi
- “Inner Dimensions of Islamic Worship” by Imam al-Ghazali
Takeaways
- Ḥasad is explicitly condemned in the Qur’an and Hadith.
- Combatting envy involves spiritual exercises aimed at self-improvement and fostering positive community relationships.
- Recognizing and addressing Ḥasad can lead to personal growth and a healthier society.
Conclusion
Understanding and overcoming Ḥasad is essential for adhering to the ethical teachings of Islam. By fostering gratitude, humility, and mutual respect, Muslims can align their lives with Qur’anic principles and the Prophetic tradition.
