ḤARAMU ʾL-MADĪNAH (حـرم المدينة)
Definition
ḤARAMU ʾL-MADĪNAH (حـرم المدينة) refers to the sacred boundary of the city of al-Madīnah. Within this designated area, certain acts considered lawful elsewhere become unlawful due to the sacred designation of the city. This area holds significant religious and historical importance for Muslims.
Etymology
The term “ḤARAM” originates from the Arabic root “ح ر م” (ḥ-r-m), which conveys the meaning of being sacred, inviolable, or prohibited. “Al-Madīnah” (المدينة) means “the city,” and when combined, “ḤARAMU ʾL-MADĪNAH” implies the sacred, inviolable sanctuary of the city.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: حـرم المدينة
- Turkish: Medine’nin Haram Bölgesi
Religious and Historical Context
The city of al-Madīnah, also known as Medina, holds immense significance in Islam as the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) final resting place and home. The concept of ḤARAMU ʾL-MADĪNAH establishes a boundary wherein specific behaviors, such as bearing arms, hunting, and cutting grass, are restricted to maintain its sanctity.
Renowned Islamic scholar Imām Abū Ḥanīfah states that while it is respectful to honor the sanctity of al-Madīnah by not performing certain acts, it is not considered an obligatory religious duty in the same vein as the sanctity of Makkah.
Sacred Boundaries
According to a tradition narrated by ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, the boundaries of al-Madīnah’s Haram extend from Jabal ʿAir to Mount S̤aur. Explorer Richard Francis Burton, in his work “El Medinah and Meccah,” notes the diameter of this sacred area spans approximately ten to twelve miles.
Books for Further Studies
- “El Medinah and Meccah” by Richard Francis Burton
- “The Life of the Prophet Muhammad” by Ibn Ishaq
- “The Sacred Trusts: Pavilion of the Sacred Relics” by Hilmi Aydin
- “Inside the Soul of Islam” by Mamoon Yusaf
Takeaways and Conclusion
The concept of ḤARAMU ʾL-MADĪNAH emphasizes the sanctity and inviolability of al-Madīnah, drawing strong spiritual and cultural parallels with the sacred boundary of Makkah. Understanding this term enhances appreciation for the religious practices and rituals associated with this holy city.
By prohibiting certain acts within its limits, Islamic tradition showcases a deep-seated respect and reverence for the Prophet’s birthplace and his final dwelling place. Thus, ḤARAMU ʾL-MADĪNAH stands as a testament to the enduring significance of al-Madīnah in the heart of Islam.
