Ḥaqīqah (حقيقة)
Definition and Meanings
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Essence of a Thing: In Islamic scholarly tradition, ḥaqīqah refers to the essence of a thing, meaning that by which a thing is what it is. For example, a rational animal is considered the ḥaqīqah of a human being. This usage emphasizes understanding the core essence or the true nature of entities. This definition can be found in classical works such as Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrifāt (The Book of Definitions).
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Proper Sense: Ḥaqīqah also describes a word or phrase used in its proper or original sense, as opposed to figurative language. It indicates speech without tropes or figures, focusing on literal and straightforward expression.
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Mystical Journey in Ṣūfīsm: In the context of Ṣūfism, ḥaqīqah represents the sixth stage in the mystic journey. At this stage, a Ṣūfī is believed to receive a revelation of the true nature of the Godhead, essentially arriving at “the Truth.” This stage is marked by profound spiritual awareness and closeness to the divine reality.
Etymology
The Arabic word حقيقة (ḥaqīqah) derives from the root ح-ق-ق (ḥ-q-q), which relates to truth, reality, or certainty. This root forms words associated with validation and verification, emphasizing the notion of genuine existence and steadfast truth.
Translations
- Arabic: حقيقة (ḥaqīqah)
- Turkish: Hakikat
Books for Further Studies
For a deeper understanding of ḥaqīqah and its significance within Islamic thought and Ṣūfīsm, consider exploring the following texts:
- “The Book of Definitions” (Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrifāt) by Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Tahānawī
- “The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi” (Al-Aqeedah al-Tahawiyyah) by Imam Abu Ja’far al-Tahawi
- “The Forty Foundations of Religion” by al-Ghazālī
- “The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination” by William C. Chittick
Takeaways
- Essence Analysis: In Islamic philosophy and theology, ḥaqīqah encapsulates the essence or true nature of things, promoting a metaphysical understanding of existence.
- Literal Usage: Linguistically, it reinforces the importance of literal meanings in speech.
- Sufi Significance: Spiritually, in Ṣūfīsm, ḥaqīqah marks a significant stage in the mystic journey, representing a profound personal revelation of divine reality.
Conclusion
The concept of ḥaqīqah in Islam beautifully intertwines philosophical, linguistic, and mystical dimensions. From its role in defining the true essence of entities to its importance in literal speech, and finally, its profound significance in Ṣūfīsm as a stage of spiritual realization, ḥaqīqah remains a central theme in Islamic thought.
For those interested in delving deeper into various facets of ḥaqīqah, the suggested books provide a comprehensive starting point. This exploration not only enhances understanding of Islamic philosophy but also illuminates the pathways of spiritual progression in Ṣūfīsm.
