Ḥamzīyah (حمزية)
Definition
The term Ḥamzīyah (حمزية) refers to a sect in Islam founded by Ḥamzah ibn Adrak. This group holds a distinctive belief concerning the fate of children who die before reaching the age of accountability, specifically those born to non-Muslim parents.
Etymology
- Arabic: حمزية (Ḥamzīyah)
- Turkish: Hamziye
Named after its founder, Ḥamzah ibn Adrak, the term combines his name with the suffix “-īyah,” which denotes a following or sect in Arabic.
Significance and Beliefs
The Ḥamzīyah sect is notable for its unique perspective on the eschatological fate of children (infants) of non-believers. According to their doctrine:
- Children of Infidels: The children of infidels (non-believers) will be consigned to the Fire of Hell.
- General Islamic Belief: The mainstream Islamic view, as recorded in Islamic texts such as
Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrīfāt, posits that these children will reside in a special place called al-Aʿrāf, a location described as existing between Paradise and Hell, where individuals await their final judgment.
Context within Islamic Thought
The belief of the Ḥamzīyah deviates significantly from the more inclusive interpretations found within broader Islamic theology. This highlights the diversity of thought and interpretation within the Islamic tradition.
Recommended Books for Further Study
- “Early Islam: Collected Articles” by Joseph Van Ess
- Provides a broader understanding of early Islamic sects and theological diversities.
- “Islamic Sects and Divisions: The Section on Muslim Sects in Kitab al-Milal wa al-Nihal by Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Karim Shahrastani”
- A comprehensive source on various Islamic sects, including the Ḥamzīyah.
- “Muslim Societies in African History” by David Robinson
- While focused on Africa, it provides a context for understanding the variations within Islam.
Takeaways
- Distinct Sect: The Ḥamzīyah is a sect named after Ḥamzah ibn Adrak, notable for its specific eschatological beliefs.
- Unique Doctrine: Contrasts with mainstream Islamic beliefs by positing that the children of non-believers are destined for Hell.
- Al-Aʿrāf: Conventional Islamic theology offers a more merciful stance wherein these children dwell in al-Aʿrāf, reflecting varying interpretations within Islam.
Conclusion
The Ḥamzīyah sect represents one of the numerous theological interpretations within Islam, showcasing the faith’s intricate and diverse landscape. Understanding such differences provides deeper insight into the religion’s historical and theological development.
