ḤAẔAR (حذر)
Definition
ḤAẔAR (حذر) refers to vigilance or a cautious fear in Arabic. In the contexts where it appears in the Qur’an, however, it implies a deeper sense of terror or extreme fear, particularly in life-threatening situations.
Etymology
The term ḤAẔAR (حذر) originates from Arabic roots related to caution and vigilance. It is derived from the verb حَذِرَ (ḥadhira), which means “to be wary” or “to guard against.”
Occurrences in the Qur’an
The word ḤAẔAR only occurs twice in the Qur’an:
- Sūrah al-Baqarah (2:18): “They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclap, fearing death” (Ḥaẕaru ʾl-Maut, حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ).
- Sūrah al-Baqarah (2:243): “Do you not look at those who deserted their homes in thousands, fearing death” (Ḥaẕaru ʾl-Maut, حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ).
In both these instances, ḤAẔAR denotes an overwhelming, almost paralyzing fear.
Significance in Islam
Concept of Fear and Vigilance
In Islamic teachings, while fear of life-threatening situations is natural, the concept of ḤAẔAR also extends to a metaphorical vigilance of spiritual and moral vigilance. A Muslim is encouraged to be vigilant (ḤAẔAR) against sinful acts and to remain aware of moral and ethical guidelines prescribed by Islam.
Ethical and Theological Implications
The Qur’anic usage of ḤAẔAR directs believers to acknowledge the profound fear of death but also nudges them to place their trust in Allah’s protection and guidance. It teaches a balanced attitude that combines caution with faith.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: حذر (ḥadhar)
- Turkish: uyanıklık (vigilant)
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Editor)
- “Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran” by Raghib al-Isfahani
- “Arabic-English Lexicon” by Edward William Lane
- “Fear: A Cultural History” edited by Joanna Bourke
Takeaways
- ḤAẔAR (حذر) primarily means vigilance but implies terror in the Qur’an.
- It underscores the Islamic virtue of being cautious, both in life-threatening and spiritual scenarios.
- It teaches Muslims to balance caution with faith in Allah’s protection.
Conclusion
The term ḤAẔAR (حذر) holds significant implications for understanding the complex human emotions of fear and vigilance within the Islamic tradition. From its appearances in the Qur’an to its broader ethical teachings, ḤAẔAR embodies a powerful directive towards a life of caution balanced by deep faith.
