ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH (حارثية)
Definition and Overview
ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH (حارثية) is a sect within Islam that was founded by Abū ʾl-Ḥāris̤ in opposition to the beliefs held by the Abāz̤īyah sect. The central theological tenet of the ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH sect is the assertion that it is incorrect to claim that the acts of men are not the acts of God. This belief fundamentally distinguishes them from the Abāz̤īyah, who maintain a different theological perspective regarding human acts and divine sovereignty.
Etymology
The name “ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH” is derived from the name of its founder, Abū ʾl-Ḥāris̤ (أبو الحارث), an Arabic term which translates to “the father of Ḥāris̤.” The Arabic script for ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH is حارثية.
- Arabic Script: حارثية
- Arabic Transliteration: ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH
- Related term: Ḥāris̤ (حارث)
Theological Contrasts
ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH Beliefs
- Asserts that the acts of men are indeed acts of God.
- Emphasizes the omnipotence and omnipresence of God in all human actions.
- Aligns with certain deterministic views where human agency is seen as an extension of divine will.
Abāz̤īyah Beliefs
- Oppose the idea that acts of men are acts of God.
- May emphasize human free will in a way that introduces a distinction between divine sovereignty and human agency.
Historical Context
The debate over divine sovereignty and human agency has been a significant point of contention within Islamic theology, giving rise to various sects and schools of thought. The ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH’s stance is part of broader discussions on Qadar (divine predestination) and human responsibility.
Key Texts
The primary documentation of the ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH beliefs can be found in classical Islamic literature, notably the “Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrīfāt.”
- Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrīfāt: A classical text that enumerates various terms and sects within Islamic thought, including the ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam” by A.J. Wensinck
- “Islamic Theological Themes: A Primary Source Reader” edited by John Renard
- “An Introduction to Islamic Theology” by A. J. Arberry
- “Ibadism: Origins and Early Development in Oman” by John C. Wilkinson
Takeaways
- The ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH sect represents one aspect of the theological diversity within Islam.
- Debates about divine sovereignty and human agency are central to understanding various Islamic sects.
- The ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH’s assertions highlight the importance of interpreting divine will and human acts in Islamic theology.
Conclusion
The sect of ḤĀRIS̤ĪYAH, founded by Abū ʾl-Ḥāris̤, provides a unique perspective within Islamic theology regarding the interplay of divine sovereignty and human agency. Understanding their views enriches the broader discourse on theological diversity in Islam and offers insights into how different Muslim communities engage with profound existential questions.
