Ḥāʾit̤īyah (حائطية)
Definition
Ḥāʾit̤īyah (حائطية) refers to a lesser-known sect of Muslims established by Aḥmad ibn Ḥāʾit̤. This group is distinctive for their dual-God belief, positing the existence of two distinct deities: Allāh, the eternal one (qadīm), and Jesus Christ (al-Masīḥ), the one created in time (muḥaddas̤) and who they believe will judge the world on the last day.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: حائطية
- Turkish: Haberciler (informally, but not a direct translation)
Historical Background
The Ḥāʾit̤īyah sect derives its name from its founder, Aḥmad ibn Ḥāʾit̤. This group’s theological stance includes the idea that Jesus (al-Masīḥ) was not merely a prophet but rather a created deity who possesses the power to judge the world. One of their core doctrines refines the interpretation of a prophetic tradition stating, “God created man in his own image.”
Theological Beliefs
The Ḥāʾit̤īyah diverge significantly from mainstream Islamic thought, particularly with their concept of dual deities:
- Allāh (God): Considered eternal and the primary deity.
- al-Masīḥ (Christ): Seen as a created deity and judge of the world on the last day.
This interpretation challenges the mainstream Islamic monotheistic doctrine (Tawhid), which emphasizes the unity and singularity of God.
Significance and Impact
The Ḥāʾit̤īyah represent a unique and markedly heterodox interpretation of Islamic doctrine, highlighting the diverse and complex spectrum of theological beliefs present in the history of Islam. Although not widely followed or recognized today, their existence showcases the rich tapestry of historical Islamic thought and debate.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Formation of Islamic Theology” by Josef van Ess
- “Islamic Theology: Traditionalism and Rationalism” by Mohammad Sharif Chaudhry
- “Muslim Sects and Divisions” by A. Sharif
Takeaways and Conclusion
The Ḥāʾit̤īyah sect serves as an intriguing example of theological diversity within Islam. Founded by Aḥmad ibn Ḥāʾit̤, this group’s belief in dual deities—Allāh and a created Christ—positions them at a notable deviation from mainstream Islamic tenets. Their interpretation offers valuable insights into the interpretative boundaries and philosophical debates that have shaped Islamic intellectual history.
Understanding the Ḥāʾit̤īyah helps broaden the comprehension of Islamic theology and illustrates the multifaceted nature of religious beliefs within the Muslim world.
By exploring the multifarious interpretations within Islam, one begins to appreciate the depth and richness of its theological traditions. The Ḥāʾit̤īyah and similar sects exemplify how dynamic and varied Islamic thought can be, offering a nuanced perspective on faith and doctrine.
