ʿUzair (عزير)
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: عزير (ʿUzair)
- Turkish: Uzeyir
Definition and Significance in Islam
ʿUzair (عزير) is a figure mentioned in Islamic tradition, commonly identified with Ezra, a scribe and priest among the Israelites, who is known in the Bible. The Qur’anic narrative addresses ʿUzair specifically in Surah At-Tawbah (9:30), where it mentions that some Jews referred to ʿUzair as the “son of God.” This proclamation is stated within a context denouncing such claims and emphasizing the strict monotheism central to Islamic theology.
Identity and Role in the Qur’an
ʿUzair is presented in the Qur’an as a solitary figure whose significance lies primarily in this contested identification and the Jewish people’s reverence for him. While the Jewish tradition attributes the restoring of the Torah’s text to Ezra, the Islamic narrative employs ʿUzair as a means to critique deviations from monotheistic worship.
Comparative Context: Ezra in the Bible
In Biblical literature, Ezra is a central figure in the restoration of Jerusalem and its sacred texts following the Babylonian exile. Known for his devoutness and scholarly attributes, Ezra’s contributions include the reaffirmation of the Mosaic Law. His identification as ʿUzair in the Qur’an, while marking a mutual figure of interest, highlights significant theological divergences between Islamic and Judaic traditions.
Takeaways
- Monotheism in Islam: The story of ʿUzair is underscored by a broader Islamic emphasis on monotheism and the rejection of any figures being ascribed divine sonship.
- Respect for Scholars: Despite the theological contention, the Qur’anic mention positions ʿUzair among respected scholarly figures, akin to prophets whose life stories carry moral and spiritual lessons.
Books for Further Study
- “The Qur’an: A New Translation” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem
- “The History of al-Tabari, Vol. 4: The Ancient Kingdoms” by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
- “Islamic Theology and the Quran: An Introduction” by Christoph Luxenberg
- “Narratives between Exegesis and Polemics: ʿUzayr in Islamic Literature” by Michael Pregill
Conclusion
The figure of ʿUzair (عزير) serves as an intriguing point of intersection between Islamic and Judaic traditions, illustrating theological contours in the broader Abrahamic religious discourse. Through his Qur’anic mention, ʿUzair emphasizes the critical Islamic principle of absolute monotheism, providing insights into interfaith perspectives and historical narratives within Islam.
