ʿILMU ʾSH-SHIʿR (علم الشعر)
Definition
ʿIlmu ʾsh-Shiʿr (علم الشعر) refers to the study of poetry within the context of Islamic scholarship. This discipline encompasses the analysis, interpretation, and appreciation of poetic forms that have been an integral part of Islamic culture and intellectual history.
Etymology
The term “ʿIlmu ʾsh-Shiʿr” is derived from Arabic. “ʿIlm” (علم) means “knowledge” or “science,” and “ʾsh-Shiʿr” (الشعر) means “poetry.” Together, these words form “ʿIlmu ʾsh-Shiʿr,” which translates to “the science of poetry.”
Arabic Translation
- Arabic: علم الشعر
Turkish Translation
- Turkish: Şiir Bilimi
Significance in Islamic Culture
Poetry holds a venerable position within Islamic culture, serving as a medium for artistic expression, theological reflection, and social commentary. It has been used historically to convey spiritual experiences, moral teachings, and cultural values.
Forms of Islamic Poetry
- Qasidah (قصيدة): A pre-Islamic form that persisted into Islamic times, characterized by its formal structure.
- Ghazal (غزل): A lyrical form often associated with themes of love, divine and earthly.
- Ruba’i (رباعي): Quatrains that convey philosophical thoughts succinctly.
- Marsiya (مرثية): Elegiac poetry lamenting a loss, often used in Shi’a Muslim practices.
Historical Development
Islamic poetry has evolved over centuries, reflecting changes in linguistic norms, theological debates, and cultural circumstances. Notable poets such as Al-Mutanabbi, Rumi, and Hafez have significantly contributed to this rich tradition.
Influences
- Pre-Islamic Poetry: Bedouin poems that focused on themes like bravery and heroism.
- Sufism: Mystical literature that explores the soul’s journey to divine love.
- Persian Influence: Enriched with metaphors and allegorical forms, exemplified by poets like Rumi and Hafez.
Takeaways
- ʿIlmu ʾsh-Shiʿr is central to understanding the cultural and intellectual heritage of Islam.
- Studying this form of literature offers insights into the spiritual, philosophical, and social dynamics of the Islamic world.
- Throughout history, poetry has been a crucial medium for preserving and transmitting Islamic values and knowledge.
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “The Wine of Wisdom: The Life, Poetry and Philosophy of Omar Khayyam” by Mehdi Aminrazavi
- “Islamic Aesthetics: An Introduction” by Oliver Leaman
- “Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology” edited by Geert Jan van Gelder
- “Poetry and Language in Islamic Society” by Pierre Cachia
Conclusion
ʿIlmu ʾsh-Shiʿr is not merely a study of poetic forms but a window into the soul of Islamic civilization. From early pre-Islamic traditions to the flourishing of Sufi poetry, this discipline reveals the multifaceted and profound ways in which poetry intersects with faith, philosophy, and daily life in the Muslim world.
