ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah (علم الحكمه)
Definition and Overview
ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah (علم الحكمه) is an Arabic term that translates to “The Science of Wisdom” in English. It is often used within Islamic philosophy and theology to denote a comprehensive understanding of wisdom that encompasses both intellectual and spiritual dimensions. Often synonymous with ʿIlmu ʾl-Falsafah (علم الفلسفه), or “The Science of Philosophy,” ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah provides a holistic approach to exploring existential questions and the nature of reality through the lens of Islamic teachings.
Etymology
Arabic Translation
- علم الحكمه (ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah)
- علم الفلسفه (ʿIlmu ʾl-Falsafah)
Turkish Translation
- Hikmet ilmı
The Arabic word “ʿIlm” (علم) translates to “science” or “knowledge,” while “Ḥikmah” (حكمة) means “wisdom.” Together, they form “The Science or Knowledge of Wisdom.”
Significance in Islam
ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah plays a crucial role in Islamic intellectual traditions. It is not limited to theoretical discourse but extends to the practical application of wisdom in daily life. Rooted in the Quranic emphasis on ‘hikmah’ (wisdom), the concept is essential for achieving a balanced, virtuous life and understanding divine principles.
Key Areas of Focus
- Metaphysics (Ilm al-Metafizik - علم الميتافزياء): Investigates the nature of being, existence, and reality.
- Ethics (Ilm al-Akhlaq - علم الاخلاق): Concerned with moral principles and virtue.
- Epistemology (Ilm al-Ma’rifah - علم المعرفة): Studies the nature and scope of knowledge and belief.
- Logic (Ilm al-Mantiq - علم المنطق): The systematic study of valid reasoning and argumentation.
- Natural Philosophy (Ilm al-Tabi’at - علم الطبيعية): Includes the study of natural phenomena and physical science.
Historical Context
The Islamic Golden Age witnessed the flourishing of ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah, with eminent scholars such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), and Al-Ghazali contributing significantly to various philosophical and scientific disciplines. These scholars harmonized Greek philosophical traditions with Islamic theology, creating an integrated intellectual framework that influenced both the Muslim world and Western thought.
Influence and Legacy
The principles of ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah have profoundly influenced Islamic jurisprudence, ethics, and education. It continues to inspire contemporary Muslim scholars in their pursuit of knowledge and wisdom, promoting moral integrity and intellectual curiosity.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- The Incoherence of the Philosophers by Al-Ghazali
- The Book of Healing by Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
- Philosophical Instructions by Al-Farabi
- Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present by Seyyed Hossein Nasr
- Avicenna and the Visionary Recital by Henry Corbin
Takeaways
- ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah is central to Islamic philosophy, combining spiritual and intellectual dimensions.
- The term encourages a holistic pursuit of wisdom that deeply impacts ethical and moral living.
- Its historical development showcases a synthesis of various intellectual traditions, enriching both Islamic and global thought.
Conclusion
ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah signifies a profound and comprehensive quest for wisdom within Islamic frameworks, intertwining spiritual insights with rigorous intellectual inquiry. As an enduring element of Islamic intellectual heritage, it continues to inspire and guide scholars and thinkers toward a deeper understanding of the universe and their place within it.
