ʿIFRĪT (عفريت)
ʿIFRĪT (عفريت) refers to a type of demon or class of demons within Islamic theology. These supernatural entities are mentioned in the Qur’an and Islamic folklore, often characterized as powerful and malevolent beings.
Etymology and Translation
- Etymology: The term ʿIFRĪT stems from the Arabic root ‘a-f-r (ع-ف-ر), signifying rebelliousness or maliciousness.
- Arabic Translation: عفريت
- Turkish Translation: İfrit
Qur’anic Reference
The Qur’an mentions ʿIFRĪT in Sūrah al-Naml (27:39):
<p>“An ʿIFRĪT (demon) from the jinn said, ‘I will bring it to you before you rise from your place; and verily, I am indeed strong, and trustworthy for such work’.”</p>
Characteristics and Cultural Depictions
- Physical Attributes: ʿIFRĪTs are often described as giants with immense strength and capabilities.
- Nature: Traditionally, they are considered extremely malicious and dangerous.
- Cultural Representations: In Islamic folklore, ʿIFRĪTs are depicted as cunning and vengeful. They often appear in stories, such as the Arabian Nights, embodying both the formidable and frightening aspects of the supernatural world.
Role in Eschatology
In the Islamic worldview, ʿIFRĪTs and similar entities are part of the larger spiritual realm, indicating the vastness and complexity of God’s creation, which includes beings beyond the physical and visible world.
Comparative Mythology
- Ghosts of the Wicked: Sometimes, the term ʿIFRĪT is employed to describe the spirits of exceptionally evil individuals.
- Genii: While related to the broader category of jinn (genies), ʿIFRĪTs occupy a distinct place within the hierarchy, often viewed as more malevolent.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Quranic Jinn and Their Origin” by Hamza Yusuf
- “Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Arabia to Zanzibar” by Robert Lebling
- “The Arabian Nights: Tales from a Thousand and One Nights”, translated by Husain Haddawy
Key Takeaways
- Supernatural Entities: ʿIFRĪTs are a distinct class of demons within Islamic thought, known for their intimidating power and malicious nature.
- Scriptural Mention: They are explicitly mentioned in the Qur’an, underscoring their theological importance.
- Cultural Impact: Besides religious texts, ʿIFRĪTs are significant in Islamic folklore and popular stories, highlighting the blend of religious and cultural narrative around them.
Conclusion
The concept of ʿIFRĪT reflects the rich tapestry of Islamic cosmology, emphasizing the belief in an unseen world populated by various powerful and oftentimes menacing entities. Understanding ʿIFRĪTs within this context helps elucidate broader Islamic teachings on the spiritual realm and the nature of evil.
