ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī (عبدالقادر الجيلانى)
Etymology
The full name of ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī is عبدالقادر الجيلاني in Arabic, which can be broken down as “ʿAbdu” (عبده) meaning “servant,” “Qādir” (القادر) meaning “All-Powerful” (one of the names of God in Islam), and “al-Jīlānī” indicating his origin from the Gilan region in present-day Iran.
Turkish Translation
In Turkish, he is referred to as “Abdulkadir Geylani,” maintaining a similar structure and respect.
Biography
ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī, often known with the honorific title Pīr-Dastagīr (پیر دستگیر), lived during a critical period in Islamic history. Born in 1077 CE in the region of Gilan in modern-day Iran, al-Jīlānī later moved to Baghdad, where he became a prominent scholar, preacher, and spiritual leader. His teachings and leadership led to the establishment of the Qādirīyah order (القادریة), a prestigious Sufi order known for its emphasis on piety, spiritual development, and strict adherence to Sharia law.
Death and Legacy
ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī passed away in the year 1166 CE (561 AH) and was buried in Baghdad. His tomb has since become a site of pilgrimage. His spiritual legacy endures through millions of followers worldwide who continue to practice the teachings and principles of the Qādirīyah order.
Significance in Islam
Al-Jīlānī’s work significantly impacted Islamic thought, particularly within Sufism. His emphasis on pure monotheism, moral integrity, and spiritual discipline have made his teachings timeless. His works, such as “Al-Ghunya li Talibi Tariq al-Haqq” and “Futuh al-Ghayb,” are studied by those seeking deeper understanding in Islamic mysticism and asceticism.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Sayings of Sheikh ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī” by Muhammad Moinuddin Siddiqui
- “Secret of Secrets” (Sirr al-Asrar) by ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī
- “Futuh al-Ghayb (Revelations of the Unseen)” translated by Mukhtar Holland
Takeaways
- Spiritual Leadership: ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī is venerated as a paramount spiritual leader whose teachings continue to inspire Sufi thought.
- Pioneering Sufi Order: Established the Qādirīyah order, which is one of the oldest and most significant Sufi orders.
- Moral and Ethical Guidance: His teachings serve as a guide for personal piety, spiritual humility, and ethical conduct.
Conclusion
ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jīlānī remains an enduring figure in Islamic history. His contributions to Sufism and broader Islamic theology make him a pivotal scholar whose influence transcends time and geography.
