ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib (عبدالمطلب)
Etymology and Translation
- Arabic: عبدالمطلب
- Turkish: Abdülmuttalip
The name “ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib” means “Servant of al-Muttalib,” where “ʿAbd” (عبد) translates to “servant” or “slave” and “al-Muttalib” is the name of his ancestor.
Historical Background
ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib, born as Shaybah ibn Hāshim, was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a significant figure in Meccan society. As the caretaker of the Kaaba and a leader of the Quraysh tribe, he held considerable influence and respect among his community.
Early Life and Lineage
ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib was born to Hāshim ibn ʿAbd Manāf and Salma bint Amr, and he belongs to the prestigious Quraysh tribe known for their guardianship of the Kaaba.
Role in Muhammad’s Early Life
Following the death of his son ʿAbdullāh, who was the father of Muhammad, ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib became the guardian of his grandson. He played a crucial role in protecting and providing for Muhammad during his early years until his own death in 578 CE at the age of 82.
Sons of ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib
ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib had several sons, some of whom played pivotal roles in early Islamic history. His sons include:
- ʿAbdu ’llāh (عبدالله): The father of Prophet Muhammad.
- al-Ḥāris̤ (الحارث): Known for his role in the community.
- az-Zuhair (الزهير): Less prominent in historical texts.
- Abū T̤ālib (أبو طالب): Muhammad’s uncle and protector during the early years of his prophethood.
- Abū Lahab (أبو لهب): An ardent opponent of Muhammad’s message, often referenced in the Quran.
- al-ʿAbbās (العباس): Another uncle of Muhammad who later accepted Islam and played a notable role in Islamic history.
- Ḥamza (حمزة): Also known as the “Lion of Allah,” he was a fierce warrior and an early convert to Islam.
Significance in Islamic History
ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib is remembered for his wisdom, leadership, and his deep influence on the early life of Muhammad. His guardianship over Muhammad is particularly emphasized in Islamic tradition, reflecting the close-knit family ties and support system that aided the Prophet throughout his life.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Life of the Prophet Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)” by Ibn Ishaq - A foundational text providing detailed accounts of Muhammad’s early life and ancestry.
- “Muhammad: Man and Prophet” by Adil Salahi - A comprehensive biography with emphasis on Muhammad’s lineage and the role of his family.
- “In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad” by Tariq Ramadan - Explores the ethical and spiritual dimensions of Muhammad’s life.
Takeaways
- ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib played a vital role in the early life of Prophet Muhammad, emphasizing the importance of family and support in Islamic tradition.
- As a leader of the Quraysh, he was entrusted with safeguarding the Kaaba, showcasing the religious and social responsibilities of his lineage.
- His descendants, including many key figures in Islamic history, indicate his significant legacy.
Conclusion
ʿAbdu ’l-Muttalib remains a prominent figure due to his leadership in Mecca and his formative role in the life of Prophet Muhammad. Understanding his life provides valuable insights into the familial and social structures that shaped the early Islamic community.
