ʿĪSĀ (عيسى)
Definition
ʿĪSĀ (عيسى) is the name given to Jesus in the Qurʾān and all Islamic writings. Jesus, or ʿĪSĀ, is considered one of the most significant prophets in Islam. Muslims believe he was a messenger of God and carried out miracles by God’s permission. He is also known as ʿĪSĀ ibn Maryam (ʿĪSĀ, son of Mary).
Etymology
The name ʿĪSĀ (عيسى) is derived from the Arabic script, and its pronunciation adheres to Arabic phonetics. Unlike the English name “Jesus,” ʿĪSĀ has a closer affinity to the Hebrew and Aramaic versions of the name (Yeshua). The transformation of the name reflects linguistic shifts and cultural adaptations in the region.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: عيسى
- Turkish: İsa
Significance in Islam
Qur’anic Perspective
ʿĪSĀ (عيسى) is mentioned repeatedly in the Qur’an with great reverence. He is described as a prophet who was born to the virgin Mary (Maryam) and performed various miracles, including raising the dead, healing the blind and the leprous, and speaking in infancy. The Qur’an emphasizes that Jesus was not crucified but was instead raised up by Allah.
Islamic Writings
In addition to the Qur’an, Jesus is featured in Hadith literature and classical exegesis (Tafsir). Islamic writings emphasize his role as a messenger who brought the Injil (Gospel) and foretold the coming of Prophet Muhammad (referred to as Ahmad).
Key Verses in the Qur’an
- Surah Al-Imran (3:45): Describes the annunciation of Jesus’s birth.
- Surah Maryam (19:16-34): Details the birth and some of the miracles of Jesus.
- Surah An-Nisa (4:157-158): Discusses the Islamic perspective on the crucifixion.
Comparative Perspective
While both Christianity and Islam hold Jesus in high regard, there are significant differences:
- Divinity: In Christianity, Jesus is considered the Son of God and part of the Holy Trinity. In Islam, Jesus is a revered prophet but not divine.
- Crucifixion and Resurrection: Christianity teaches that Jesus was crucified and resurrected, a central doctrine for salvation. Islam asserts that he was not crucified but was raised to heaven by God.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- Jesus in the Qur’an by Geoffrey Parrinder
- Islam’s Jesus by Zeki Saritoprak
- The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature by Tarif Khalidi
Takeaways and Conclusion
ʿĪSĀ (عيسى) holds an esteemed position in Islamic theology as a significant prophet who preached monotheism and performed miracles. While Muslims do not consider him divine, they acknowledge his miraculous birth and respect his prophecy. Studying ʿĪSĀ’s portrayal in Islamic texts offers valuable insights into Muslim-Christian relations and the interconnectedness of Abrahamic religions.
In conclusion, understanding the role and significance of ʿĪSĀ in Islam enriches one’s appreciation for the diversity within religious traditions and highlights the shared reverence for figures like Jesus across different faiths.
