ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ (اية المواريث)
Definition
ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ (اية المواريث), known in English as “The Verse of Inheritances,” refers specifically to the twelfth verse of the fourth chapter (Sūratuʾn-Nisāʾ) in the Qurʾān. This verse lays the foundation for the Islamic laws concerning inheritance, ensuring an equitable distribution of wealth among heirs as prescribed by Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh).
Etymology
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Arabic: آية المواريث (Āyatuʾl-Mawārīth)
- آية (Āyah): “Verse” or “Sign”
- المواريث (al-Mawārīth): “Inheritance”
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Turkish: Miras Âyeti
Context in the Qur’ān
ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ is found in Sūratuʾn-Nisāʾ (The Women), verse 12, and serves as a significant element in Islamic inheritance law. The verse outlines the shares of various relatives in the estate of the deceased, addressing the shares of spouses, children, parents, and other kin. This verse, alongside other related verses, forms the comprehensive Islamic legal framework for inheritance.
Importance in Islamic Jurisprudence
Framework for Distribution
The verse details the specific proportions in which assets are to be distributed among heirs. This method ensures fairness and the protection of orphans and women, who historically may have been disadvantaged.
Legal Precedence
ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ serves as a primary source in Islamic law concerning inheritance (also known as ‘Mirath’ or ‘Faraid’). Jurists and scholars use this verse alongside Hadiths (traditions of the Prophet Muhammad ) and Ijma (consensus) to derive detailed rulings.
Books for Further Study
For a deeper understanding of ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ and its implications:
- “Inheritance in Islam: Islamic Sharia Law” by Dr. Mohammad Irshad
- “Islamic Law of Inheritance” by Hamid Khan
- “Introduction to Islamic Inheritance Law” by Mohamed F. Shahidullah
Key Takeaways
- ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ is pivotal in Islamic inheritance law, ensuring justice and equity in the distribution of wealth.
- The verse is part of Sūratuʾn-Nisāʾ and is foundational for the legal frameworks governing familial relationships in Islamic society.
- Understanding this verse is critical for appreciating the meticulous and structured nature of Islamic jurisprudence.
Conclusion
ĀYATUʾL-MAWĀRĪS̤ exemplifies the Qur’an’s comprehensive approach to social justice through legal directives. By prescribing specific inheritance shares, it promotes social equity, particularly safeguarding the interests of vulnerable family members. As a cornerstone of Islamic legal tradition, it continues to inform and guide contemporary applications of inheritance laws in Muslim communities worldwide.
